AML Full Form
What is the full form of AML?
The full form of AML is Acute Myeloid Leukemia. It is a type of blood cancer generated in the bone marrow. In the adult generation, it is the most common disease. If it is not appropriately treated, then the consequences of this may be very harsh. This disease aims to hamper immature myelogenous cells, produce leukemic blast cells, and make many abnormal blood cells. The myeloid cells precursor white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, and in these ways, healthy cells' formation is affected.
What is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
Adult acute myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a kind of blood cancer of the bone marrow that makes many abnormal blood cells.
Leukemia may affect white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
The risk of AML may be possible due to smoking, previous chemotherapy treatment records, and radiation exposure.
The signs and symptoms of AML include high fever, bleeding, tiredness, and discolouration of skin and tissues.
There are many tests to examine and diagnose the blood and bone marrow.
Risk factors of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML) involves a risk factor that means the probability of increasing the risk of getting a disease. But it doesn't mean having a high-risk factor guarantees having cancer, and a low-risk factor guarantees not having cancer. All ask the doctor if we find any risk.
The risk factors involved in AML are as follows:
AML is risky for the male population.
It affects mainly the older generation.
Smoking can be the cause of AML.
If there was a past treatment of Chemotherapy or Radiation therapy, then AML chances are high.
If someone is exposed to the nuclear radiation environment, then it involves a very high risk.
Someone with a history of blood disorders, syndromes, or inherited disorders.
Signs and symptoms of AML
The flu or common diseases are causes for the early signs and symptoms of AML. It also involves the following symptoms:
Weakness.
Fever
Bleeding.
Infection
Paleness or decolourization of skin colour.
Clusters of leukemia cells can cause some other symptoms of AML in the Central Nervous System (CNS), testicles, and a tumour of myeloid cells called a chloroma. After four to six weeks of diagnosis, acute leukemia symptoms can be developed.
Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
The tests and procedures used in the diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are as follows:
- Physical Exam and Health History: It is an exam of the body to check health and signs of diseases if any. The patient's health, illness, and treatment history are also reviewed.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): It is a procedure where a sample of blood is taken and counted. It is done to count the number of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells, and platelets. It also checks the amount of haemoglobin in the red blood cells.
- Peripheral Blood smear: It is a procedure in which blood is checked for blast cells. It also checks the number of white blood cells (WBCs), the number of platelets, and any changes in the shape of blood cells.
- Flow cytometry: It is a laboratory test that measures the number of cells in the blood sample. It also checks the percentage of live cells there and sometimes the size, shape, and presence of tumour markers on the cell surface.
- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: It is the process of removing bone marrow blood and small pieces of bone. A hollow needle is inserted in the hip bone or breastbone to check for cancer.
- Tumour biopsy: It is a biopsy of a tumour made up of leukaemia cells.
- Cytogenetic analysis: It is a laboratory test where the cell chromosomes are checked to look at the broken, missing, rearranged, or even extra chromosomes. This is done to check the presence of cancer. Thus, cytogenetic analysis is used to help diagnose cancer.
- Molecular testing: It is a laboratory test to check genes, proteins, or molecules in blood samples. It observes the changes in the gene or chromosomes which may cause or affect the development of AML.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Benzene and smoking trigger Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia affects people of age 65 years and older.
For those aged below 20 years, the survival rate of AML patients is 27% and for those aged above 20 years, the survival rate of AML patients is 69%.
The organs affected by AML include lymph nodes, the brain, liver, cerebral spinal fluid, skin, spleen or testicles.
The most common treatment for AML is chemotherapy.