B DNA Full Form

What is the full form of B DNA?

It stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. B DNA is one of the types of DNA which is a right-handed helix. DNA is a molecule which is responsible for transmitting genetic information from parents to children. It is an organic molecule that has a unique molecular structure. DNA is an essential part of every living organism which determines the inheritance, growth and development of every living organism.

Structure of DNA

• DNA is made up of repeating units of nucleotides (nucleotides are the monomers of DNA). The structure of nucleotides is made up of sugar compounds, nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups.

• The nature of sugar present in DNA is five-membered sugar called ketone sugar, also called pyranose sugar.

• The nitrogenous bases are two types that are pyrimidine and purines.

• purine consists of an adenine and Guanine bases and pyrimidine consists of cytosine, Thymine and uracil.

• Adenine, guanine, Cytosine and thymine are present in DNA but In RNA Thymine is replaced by uracil which makes RNA differs from DNA.

• The pentose sugar is attached to the phosphate group through the N- glycosidic bond and the pyrimidine base is attached to the purine base through the hydrogen bond.

• The purine is two membered heterocyclic rings which forms three hydrogen bonds while the pyrimidine is a single-membered ring which forms a single bond.

• The two phosphate groups are bonded to each other through the phosphodiester bond.

• The phosphate group is the backbone of the DNA which runs parallel or antiparallel to the DNA.

• Because of the presence of the phosphate group, the DNA contains a negative charge on it and is called the Nuclein.

Discovery of DNA

• The two scientists James Watson and Francis Crick 1953 found the twisted–ladder structure of DNA by performing an X-ray crystallography experiment.

• They found that the two strands of DNA are complementary to each other. That means if the bases of one strand are known we can predict the number of bases of another strand.

Discovery of Erwin Chargaff

• He found that the amount of purine is equal to the amount of pyrimidine.

• That means the sum of adenine and guanine is equal to the sum of Thymine and cytosine

\begin{equation}

\text { Adenine }+\text { Guanine }=\text { Thymine }+\text { cytosine }

\end{equation}

Functions of DNA

• The DNA is responsible for transmitting the information from generations to the next generation.

• The DNA is essential for the formation of proteins.

• Due to the semiconservative nature of DNA, some parental nature is preserved from generation to generation.

• Due to the genetic variations in DNA, there is a chance of evolution that is important for the survival of living organisms.