Difference between Macronutrients And Micronutrients

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Aug 26, 2024 02:19 PM IST

What Are Nutrients?

Nutrients are the biological substances which are primarily required for the proper working of the cells, tissues and organs in the organism. They play a crucial role in the body associated with growth, repair work and shielding from the entry of micro-organisms causing diseases. As these nutrients cannot be synthesized by the mechanism of the organism independently, they have to be supplied through external sources. Food is the chief source from which all these nutrients are derived. The main types of nutrients are broadly classified into two categories: macronutrients and micronutrients. One important way to remain healthy and continue a balanced diet is to differentiate between these two categories.

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Macronutrient And Micronutrient Defined

Macronutrients are the nutrients that are required by the human body in large amounts and, hence, are usually measured in grams.
They provide energy to our bodies and promote various metabolic processes.
On the other hand, micronutrients are needed in much lesser amounts—usually measured in milligrams or micrograms—but are equally important to health maintenance and prevention of a wide variety of diseases.

Macronutrients

They are essential in larger amounts to meet the energy requirements of the body and to sustain growth and development.
Primarily provide energy to the body.
They are also essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
Macronutrients also contribute to the formation of hormones and the functioning of the immune system.

Micronutrients

Required only in small quantities; however, they are crucial for various biochemical functions and health in general.
They prevent sicknesses and boost the immune system.
They play a crucial role in metabolism, bone strength, and cell repair and maintenance functions of the body.

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Key Differences Between Macronutrients And Micronutrients

Feature	Macronutrients	Micronutrients
Definition	Nutrients required in large amounts, measured in grams.	Nutrients needed in smaller amounts, measured in milligrams or micrograms.
Primary Functions	Provide energy, support growth, and maintain body tissues.	Support biochemical functions, prevent diseases, and aid in metabolism.
Types	Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.	Vitamins and minerals (e.g., iron, calcium, vitamin C).
Sources	Found in cereals, fish, legumes, meat, nuts, and oils.	Found in fruits, vegetables, eggs, and dairy products.
Deficiency Effects	Severe deficiency can lead to kwashiorkor, marasmus, and malnutrition.	Deficiency can cause anemia (iron), goiter (iodine), and scurvy (vitamin C).
Excess Intake Effects	Overconsumption can lead to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.	Excessive intake can cause toxicity, such as liver damage (vitamin A) or nerve damage (vitamin B6).
Concentration in Body	High concentrations, typically around 1 mg or 1000 micrograms per gram of tissue.	Low concentrations, usually below 1 mg per gram.
Role in Health	Essential for energy production and metabolic processes.	Crucial for immune function, growth, and overall health maintenance.