Double Circulation In Humans: Definition, Diagram, Flow Chart

The Circulatory System

The circulatory system supplies food and gases to all parts of the body and removes metabolic waste from it. In respiration, the circulatory system is directly related to the heart and lungs concerning the circulation and purification of blood. But does the heart have a lone role in purification? Let us look in detail at double circulation and the relative organs.

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Types Of Circulatory Systems

There are two types of circulatory systems found in animals: the open circulatory system and the closed circulatory system. Most mammals, including human beings, have a double circulatory system. The closed circulatory system is further divided according to the number of circulations blood goes through in the heart.

Single Circulation

Blood passes through the heart once for every complete circuit through the body in a single circulatory system. Blood flows from the heart to the gills for purification and is then distributed to various body parts. Only one cardiac cycle is completed, hence the name single circulation. Single circulation is mainly seen in fish, amphibians, and some reptiles.

Double Circulation

Double circulation is a pattern in which blood circulation involves two routes—one for oxygenated blood and another for deoxygenated blood. The key organ standing behind double circulation in human beings is the human heart, which is divided into four chambers: left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle. The heart only connects to the lungs through the pulmonary artery and vein.

It is the dual blood pathways, namely pulmonary and systemic:

Systemic Circulation

• Systemic circulation refers to the flow of oxygenated blood supplied by the left ventricle to the capillaries of tissues. The process is stated below.

• The oxygen-rich blood flows into the aorta, and it in turn distributes them throughout the body. Veins and venules collect the deoxygenated blood having carbon dioxide back from various parts of the body.

• The deoxygenated blood gets pumped again to the superior vena cava.

• From the superior vena cava, deoxygenated blood again goes back to the right atrium.

• The right atrium supplies the deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle. This blood will be to be used in the pulmonary circulation.

Pulmonary Circulation

• The blood circulation comes in between the right atrium to the left atrium. Following is the process:

• The pulmonary artery picks up blood from the right ventricle and carries it into the lungs for oxygenation.

• From here, following purification, the oxygenated blood is pumped back through the pulmonary vein to reach the left atrium and thereby enter the left ventricle.

• The oxygenated blood thereafter gets pumped into the aorta to complete its course around the body.

Double Circulation

Double circulation ensures that oxygenated blood does not interfere with deoxygenated blood. As such, the body at any given time is assured of a supply of oxygen and efficiency would be improved. This would allow mammals to maintain their body temperatures. Apart from double circulation, there also exists a third portal system to improve the efficiency of circulation.

Common Disorders Related To Double Circulation

• Congenital Heart Defects: Structural defects of the heart which are present at birth, can directly influence double circulation.

• Cardiovascular Diseases: A fusion of the defects in the heart and circulatory systems, for instance, coronary artery disease—a disease linked with a heart that can directly influence the performance of circulation.

Conclusion
In a nutshell, double circulation is the main mechanism found in the human circulatory system for efficient separation and transportation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to continuously oxygenate tissues and organs while eliminating carbon dioxide. This kind of complex system, having pulmonary and systemic pathways, optimizes the functionality of the heart by keeping the metabolic needs of the body in good condition. An understanding of the system is of paramount importance to the appreciation of the effects of innumerable cardiovascular disorders and the strides being taken in medical research toward improving circulatory health.

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