Environmental Issues

Environmental issues refer to the problems that are generated by human activities and natural changes that harm air, water, and soil. A proper understanding of environmental issues, especially in India, can help to develop solutions towards sustainability. This is an important chapter of Biology for students of Class 12 as well as those appearing in competitive examinations like NEET, AIIMS, and other paramedical entrance exams. The article covers key environmental concerns as well as strategies and mnemonics for the exams.

What are Environmental Issues?

Nature is the surrounding environment of living things. This habitat is made up of various components such as air, water, earth, etc. These components are available in constant proportions to create a harmonious balance in the environment for the survival of the species, any unwanted or desired type. The change in the proportions of these components can be called impurities. This issue grows every year. It is a matter of concern economically, physically and socially. An ongoing environmental problem needs to be addressed to address its harmful effects on humans and the world.

Also Read:

• MCQ Practice on Air Pollution
• Greenhouse Effect
• Global Warming
• Biodiversity and Conservation

Causes of Environmental Issues

With the growth of industry and the migration of people from cities to cities in search of work, there has been a steady increase in the problem of adequate housing and unsanitary living conditions. These reasons have led to an increase in pollution factors.

Pollution is five basic types, namely; Noise, light, Air, Water, and Soil pollution.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is a major issue in today's world. Smoke from factory chimneys and cars pollutes the air we breathe. Gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide are released into the atmosphere, causing serious damage to the human body, plants and animals. Dry farm waste, dry grass, leaves and coal used as fossil fuels in our valleys also produce harmful gases. Acid rain is caused by an excess of sulfur dioxide in the air.

NCERT Notes Subject Wise Link:

• NCERT notes Class 12 Maths
• NCERT notes Class 12 Physics
• NCERT notes Class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT notes Class 12 Biology
  

Water Pollution

Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. Waste from growing industries and sewage is not treated properly before being dumped into rivers and other water sources, thus creating pollution. Excessive fertilizer and pesticide farming practices also pollute water bodies.

Soil or Land Pollution

The next source of pollution is soil. Waste such as plastic, polythene, bottles, etc. creates soil pollution and makes the soil less fertile. In addition, the dumping of human and animal carcasses, and washing clothes and dishes add to the story. It is a very dangerous environmental factor as it affects the reproduction and production of local and national food.

Noise Pollution

This is a very subtle form of pollution. All human activity plays a major role in noise pollution. Car horns, loudspeakers, music systems, and industrial activities contribute to this issue.

How to Reduce Environmental Problems?

To reduce this issue, preventive measures should be taken.

NCERT Books Link:

• NCERT book for class 11 Biology
• NCERT book for class 12 Biology

3R's Principle

To save the environment, use the 3 R's principle; Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

Preventing and controlling air pollution control measures including well-designed equipment and smokeless fuels should be used in homes and industries to reduce the pollution.

Reuse products more often. Instead of throwing things away after using them once, find a way to reuse them. Reduce the garbage products produced.

Paper, plastics, glass, and electrical appliances can be processed into new products while using fewer natural resources and less energy.

Many trees should be planted to balance the ecosystem and to control the effects of greenhouse. Noise pollution can be reduced with better design and proper vehicle maintenance. Industrial noise can be reduced with sound testing equipment such as generators, etc. To control soil pollution, the use of plastic bags should be stopped. Sewage should be treated properly before use as a fertilizer and as a waste disposal site. A few steps can be taken to control water pollution. Some of them are water demands that can be reduced by changing the strategies involved. Water should also be used medically. The amount of wastewater should be reduced.

Conclusion

Saving our planet from these natural issues is everyone's responsibility. If steps are not taken to protect the next generation we will have to face serious consequences. The government is also taking steps to raise public awareness. Everyone should participate in helping to reduce and control pollution.

NCERT Solutions Subject-wise link:

• NCERT solutions for class 12 Physics
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Mathematics
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Biology

Tips, Tricks, and Strategies to Prepare for Environmental Issues

Here are some tips and tricks to prepare for Environmental Issues:

Study Aids

• Make Diagrams of causes and effects and solutions for each environmental problem.
• Use Tables to formulate key facts and solutions to the main environmental problems.

Mnemonics

To remember the six major environmental concerns, use "A Wild Climate Devours Soil Waste" (Air, Water, Climate Change, Deforestation, Soil Degradation, Waste Management).

Multimedia

• Watch Documentaries relating to individual environmental concerns in India, such as the causes of air pollution and the impacts of climate change.
• Interactive Simulations. The green effect, water cycle, or waste management processes can be shown by interactive simulations.

Flashcards

Flashcards can be used to memorize definitions, causes, and solutions related to different environmental issues.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Subject-wise link:

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Physics
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Mathematics
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Biology

Types of Questions and Weightage of Environmental Issues in Exams

The table below indicates the types of questions and weightage of Environmental Issues in Exams:

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Recommended Video on Environmental Issues