In Biology, Human Health and Disease is an important chapter that covers information related to various diseases, their agents, immunodeficiency, etc. Reading the whole chapter before the exam takes time as students have to learn other things. Therefore, the selected material in the main points of this chapter is always useful.
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Types of Diseases
Human diseases fall into two categories:
Congenital: A condition that has existed since birth
Acquired: Disease that occurs during a person's lifetime
Immunity
The immune system refers to the body's ability to fight off infections by invading viruses or foreign bodies. There are two types, such as-
Innate Immunity
This protection is available from the time of birth and provides barriers to attack by any foreign agent that causes infections. In addition, there are four types; this includes -
Acquired immunity
This type of resistance is directly related to the pathogen, and a person acquires it during his or her lifetime.
Allergies
Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to certain things such as pollen, medicines, food, etc. The human immune system can distinguish between foreign molecules and bodies.
However, there are cases when the body beats its own cells. As a result, it is harmful to the body and is called autoimmune disease. An usual example of such a given effect is rheumatoid arthritis.
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AIDS
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is responsible for causing AIDS.
The first ever case of AIDS was reported in the year1981. In addition, HIV transmission to humans occurs mainly through the following:
Sexual intercourse with an HIV-positive person.
Sharing an infected syringe or needle.
However, it should be noted that HIV transmission does not occur through water or air, pets or insects, saliva, tears, sweat, kissing and sharing food, beverages or toilets.
Cancer
Cancer refers to the uncontrolled and abnormal replication of cells. These cells capture and kill neighboring tissues, and the continuous proliferation of cancer cells causes neoplasms or tumors. In addition, plants can be divided into two categories, such as:
Benign Tumors
These tumors remain trapped in their original position and do not spread to other parts of the human body and are considered non-cancerous.
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Malignant Tumors
Malignant tumor cells grow rapidly. Also, they travel across the surrounding tissues and enter the lymph and blood. As a result, it can reach other parts of the body. This is called metastasis, and only dangerous neoplasms are classified as cancer.
Causes of Cancer
Often, the exact cause or cause of cancer remains to be determined. But many factors may contribute to the growth of cancer cells. These elements or agents are called carcinogens.
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Drug abuse commonly includes cannabinoids, coca alkaloids and opioids. Few medicines can be found in the fungus and especially in flowering plants. Opioid drugs also bind to the opioid receptors present in the human GI tract and the CNS (Central Nervous System).
On the other hand, cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain. Examples of such drugs are hashish, marijuana, and chara.
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The key concepts in human health and disease are the types of diseases, common infectious diseases, infections, AIDS, cancer, etc.
Different ways of transmitting the virus are through sexual contact, blood transfusions of infected people and the use of one needle for more than one person.
The field of neoplasm - benign and malignant research is known as oncology.
The Human ImmunoDeficiency Virus (HIV) is responsible for causing AIDS.
Human diseases fall into two categories:
Congenital: A condition that has existed since birth
Acquired: Disease that occurs during a person's lifetime
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC