Locomotion and Movement

Locomotion and movement are some of the basic biological processes whereby an organism moves or changes position or place. In contrast, "locomotion" refers to its ability to move from one place to another. The material in this chapter is crucial for students appearing for entrance exams like NEET and JEE, as it involves a discussion on some of the most fundamental concepts in biology. One could well see how the concept of locomotion and movement itself allows an explanation of why different organisms move within their environment and carry out some crucial functions.

What Is Locomotion and Movement?

• Locomotion: This is a change of place from one location to the other. They include walking running, swimming, and flying.

• Movement: Any change in position by a part of the body or by the whole organism without necessarily moving the location.

Also Read:

• Excretory Products And Their Elimination
  
• Neural Control And Coordination
• Ribs and Rib Cage
• 5 major functions of the skeletal system

Main Points of Locomotion and Movement

• Types of Movement: Amoeboid movement, ciliary movement, and muscular movement are examples of movement.

• Systems Involved: The muscular system, skeletal system, and neural system work together to achieve locomotion.

NCERT Notes Subject Wise Link:

• NCERT notes Class 11 Maths

• NCERT notes Class 11 Physics

• NCERT notes Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT notes Class 11 Biology

Types of Movement

• Amoeboid Movement Definition: It is the type of movement found in the organism of amoeba. Mechanism: It is the process involving the protrusion of pseudopodia due to protoplasmic flow.
• Ciliary Movement Definition: It is the form of movement carried out through the movement of tiny hair-like structures called cilia. Example: Cleansing of debris within inhaled air through cilia in the respiratory tract.
• Muscular Movement Definition: It is the movement that involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles. Example: Movements of limbs, tongue, and facial muscles. The Muscular System The muscular system performs a vital function in locomotion:
• Composition of Muscles: Composes 40-50% of body weight.

Types of Muscles

• Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones.

• Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscles which are present in organs.

• Cardiac Muscle: A specialized muscle, however, it is found only in the heart.

NCERT Books Link:

• NCERT book for class 11 Biology.

• NCERT book for class 12 Biology.

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system provides support and a framework for movement:

• Number of Bones: There are 206 bones in an adult; in infants, there are nearly 300 bones that fuse up within the lifetime.

NCERT Solutions Subject-wise link:

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Physics.

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Chemistry.

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Mathematics.

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Biology.

Classification of the Bones:

• Axial Skeleton: It consists of the skull, vertebrae, and ribs.

• Appendicular Skeleton: It consists of limbs and girdles.

Joints

Joints are those that connect bones and allow movement.

Types of joints:

• Fibrous Joints; Immovable e.g. cranial bones

• Cartilaginous Joints; slightly movable e.g. vertebrae

• Synovial Joints; freely movable e.g. knees

Different Types of Locomotion

Organisms show different types of locomotion based on their anatomical structure

1. Walking

Coordination of leg and foot movement.

2. Swimming

Use of fins or limbs for propelling through water, e.g. fish

3. Flying

Wings are used for aerial movement, e.g. birds.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Subject-wise link:

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Physics.

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Chemistry.

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Mathematics.

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Biology.

Difference Between Locomotion and Movement

Importance of NEET Preparation

Strong comprehension of these concepts related to locomotion and movement is required for NEET students:

• Locomotion and Movement NEET Questions: Often appear in exams as conceptual questions or MCQs.

• Locomotion and Movement Class 11 MCQ: Practice multiple-choice questions to solidify your understanding.

For additional resources, consider downloading a locomotion and movement PDF, which can provide further insights into this topic.

Tips, Tricks, and Strategies to Prepare For Locomotion and Movement

This table outlines effective tips and strategies to master the topic of locomotion and movement.

Weightage of Topics in Different Entrance Exams

Understanding the weightage of topics can help prioritize your study efforts in locomotion and movement for various entrance exams.

Types of Questions Asked on the Topic in Different Exams

Familiarizing yourself with the types of questions related to locomotion and movement can improve your exam performance.

Thus, locomotion and movement form the very basic knowledge required by biology students. This knowledge benefits both academic pursuits and an increase in sensitivity toward how organisms connect with their environments. By becoming well aware of important topics, practising past exam questions, and utilizing effective study strategies, you can do well in understanding this fundamental subject area.

Explore other locomotion and movement-related questions and answers, along with Previous year questions (PYQ) from NEET, for more practice.

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