Locomotion and Movement

All living things like us, humans, can bend, jump, stretch, run and walk, showing movement that is one of their hallmarks. It should be noted that the movement of plants is different from that of animals. The simplest form of mobility is the protoplasmic distribution found in unconnected organisms such as amoeba.

Some species have different movement structures like…

→cilia in Paramecium,

→ Flagella in Chlamydomonas

→Tentacles in Hydra

Some living things, such as pets and wild animals that connect humans, can move the eyelids, the tongue, the jaws, the hands, and the legs. And often, these movements cause a change in location or location and such a voluntary movement is called locomotion. Different types of train movements are swimming, walking, flying, and running.

In addition, body parts that help with movement and other functions such as the cilia in Paramoecium that aid in the movement of food through the cytopharynx, Hydra tentacles are used to hold prey and move and people use body parts to change body shape and locomotion as well. Therefore, it is clear that movements and structures are related and can be studied altogether. Also, everyone should study and understand that all locomotions are moving but every movement is not moving. This is because locomotion is about a change of place or place where movement can be associated with that of any part of the body and the whole body remains unchanged. Similarly, it is well described in the NCERT publications of Locomotion and Movement class 11.

Types of Movement

The three types of movement are known, namely:

Amoeboid Movement - Appears in certain special cells like macrophages and white blood cells. Pseudopodia are usually responsible for such a type of movement in Amoeba due to the protoplasmic circulation and microfilaments; the cytoskeletal elements are also responsible for this type of movement.

Ciliary Movement - Occurs in many inner tubular segments enclosed by ciliated epithelium. For example, in the trachea, the cilia move in an orderly fashion to remove the inhaled material and the impurities in motion. Another example is seen in the flow of eggs in a woman's reproductive tract surrounded by cilia.

Muscular Movement - Can be seen on the skull, tongue, jaw, hands and legs. Contractile muscles help with body movement and movement.

Locomotion is brought about by the association of three types of living systems, namely the muscular system, the skeletal system and the neural system. Let's talk about it some more.

Muscular System

Muscles help with body movements and internal organs. It helps with stretching, bending, walking, and other physical activities.

Muscles make up 40 -50 percent of a person's body weight. Muscles are specialized tissues from the mesoderm. It is the only tissue that connects structures that include flexibility, elasticity, pleasure and elasticity.

Muscles are classified according to their location (Orthopaedic, Visceral or Cardiac), Appearance (Stripped or Smooth) and Control Environment (Voluntary or Automatically).

NCERT Notes Subject Wise Link:

• NCERT notes Class 11 Maths
• NCERT notes Class 11 Physics
• NCERT notes Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT notes Class 11 Biology

Skeletal System

This system includes bones that give shape to the body. The adult skeletal system has 306 bones and a few cartilages. On the other hand, the newborn has some 300 bones that are later joined together. Bone and cartilages are specialised connective tissue. The latter is softer in appearance.

The axial skeleton has 80 bones comprising the skull, spinal columns, ribs and sternum. The skull has bones on the face and skin. The U-shaped Hyoid bone is located in the skull and the ear ossicles are located in the skull.

The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones comprising limbs and supporting belts. Hand bones include humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. Similarly,the human leg contains the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals and phalanges, a Kneecap called patella located at the knee. The Pectoral and Pelvic belt are known to form the remaining 6 bones.

The point at which two bones or bone and cartilage touch is called joint. The functions of the joints are in the way and the skeletal parts of my body. The joints function as a fulcrum and are divided into fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Fibrous joints do not move like cranial bones that form cranium by merging. Synovial organs have synovial fluid and allow a large amount of movement. Many joints such as hinge joints and pivot joints fall under synovial joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of a disorder in which the joints and other osteoporosis are caused by weight loss.

NCERT Books Link:

• NCERT book for class 11 Biology.
• NCERT book for class 12 Biology.

Different Types of Locomotion

With the availability of different muscles, bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons and joints, different types of movements may occur. Locomotion is the ability to move from one place to another.

The three types of moving organisms include air travel, swimming and walking. Flight locomotion is a flight that involves the movement of an organism in the air, for example, birds.

NCERT Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Physics.
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Chemistry.
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Mathematics.
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Biology.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Physics.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Chemistry.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Mathematics.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Biology.