Strategies for enhancement in food production

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on May 10, 2022 03:13 PM IST

For all species to survive, food is very essential. Food is important to increase and improve production to meet every need of the growing population. Biological values also have a major role to play in our efforts to improve animal husbandry and even plant breeding in order to improve food production. Several new techniques also play a key role in the development of food production, like embryo transfer technology and tissue processing techniques.

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Animal Husbandry

Animal husbandry is a branch of science that aims at human benefits by breeding, farming, and caring for various farm animals like cattle ,sheep ,horses and even dogs. Animal husbandry means domestication and breeding of your choice. It is an agricultural sector.

To support themselves, most farmers depend on livestock. Animals, especially bulls, are a major source of energy for farmers ,in addition to providing milk, meat, and hides.

Animal husbandry care and management, for the benefit of humans on farm animals, when genetic and behavioral improvements are further developed, are considered beneficial to humans.

Types of Animal Husbandry

A breed is a group of animals of the same species that have the same characteristics and appearance and are genetically related.

Two types of breeding: Inbreeding and Outbreeding.

1. Inbreeding:

Refers to male and female reproduction and 4 to 6 generations of the same species. High male and high female are selected and included in the same.

Inbreeding promotes homozygosity and, as Mendel's experiment, is needed to develop clean lines or real breeding organisms.
Breeding destroys undesirable genes, and it creates high genes.
Breeding stress is caused by continuous breeding. Here, production decreases, as well as reproduction, which can be restored by contact with higher unrelated animals.

2. Outbreeding:

It can be described as a union of animals that are not closely related. There may be three types of this:

Out-crossing: Mating of the same species, with different ancestors. This helps to overcome the stress from inbreeding.
Cross-breeding: It is helpful to combine two types of breed with higher characteristics. Higher males of the same species are associated with higher females of another breed for this reason.
Interspecific breeding: In this breed, mating occurs between females and males of two different related species. Usually, features appear from both parents and can be used for economic benefits. However, infertile generations are often the result of a variety of reproductions.

Fisheries

The rise in the development of fish and other marine animals is associated with the Blue Revolution.

Aquaculture is used for commercial breeding and rearing of aquatic plants (fish, molluscs, crustaceans) and animals (aquatic plants and algae). In seas, rivers, or lakes, extensive aquaculture is practiced, while deep water farming is practiced in ponds and tanks.

Beekeeping (Apiculture)

It is the care of the honeycomb to make honey. Honey is a highly nutritious compound found in beehives. In various industries, beeswax is used to prepare cosmetics, polishes, etc. The most common bee species are Apis indica.

Plant Breeding

Plant breeding can be one of the greatest strategies and can be even studied under strategies to improve food production notes.

Crop production is the process of achieving the desired characteristics such as high yield, high quality, and resistance to various plant diseases.

The Green Revolution included increasing food production to meet the needs of the people.

India's green revolution was created by sir M.S. Swaminathan.

For such reasons, modern methods and techniques are used, such as the use of

fertilisers
pesticides
high yielding plants
irrigation equipment
etc.

High-yielding wheat varieties and rice have had a significant impact on the increase in grain production

In order to increase yields, improve quality, tolerate environmental stress, resistance to various pathogens and pests, plant breeding is done. All over the world, various governments and businesses are running their own crop production programs.

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The steps taken to produce a variety of plant genes are:

Variety of Collections- Includes collections of all kinds of given plants. All the various alleles are collected in all genes of the plant. It is known as the germplasm collection.
Parent identification and selection- With the desired feature, the germplasm is examined.
Cross hybridization- Two desired characters are mixed, e.g. a high-protein plant is born to disease-resistant plants.
Selection and testing of high-quality recombinants- For homozygosity, hybrids with desirable traits are selected and pollinated for different generations. For the next generation, this ensures that the characters do not part.
Proper control of crop quality and other factors such as disease tolerance is done to market new plants. For this reason, the crop is grown in the research area and under controlled conditions.

The testing is followed for three consecutive seasons by testing in the agricultural sectors around the world.

Plant breeding for Improved Food Quality

Here are some strategies to improve food production-

1. Biofortification

Biofortification is usually defined as the reproduction of nutrients.

The level and content of various nutrients like proteins, oils, vitamins, micronutrients, minerals, etc have been enhanced by improved nutritional plants. Various vegetables that are rich in vitamins and minerals have been published by IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) in New Delhi.

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2. Single-cell protein (SCP)

Single cell protein is one of the most important sources of protein and can meet the nutritional needs of an ever-increasing human population. Example: Due to the high rate of growth and production of biomass, the bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus can produce 25 tons of protein. The growing industry is the processing of edible mushrooms on a large scale.

3. Tissue Culture

Tissue culture is a method of making part of a plant to give shape to the whole plant.

Totipotency is usually known as the ability of an explant (part of a plant) or cell to regenerate an entire plant.
Micropropagation is one of the methods of using tissue culture, usually to grow thousands of plants. The medium needs to be a little nutritious.
Somaclones: Each advanced tissue plant is called somaclones and resembles mainly the parent plant. Various food crops such as tomatoes, apples, bananas, etc. are developed using commercial production methods.
Somatic hybridization: This is the process by which nude protoplasts (plasma membrane protoplastic, after grinding a cell wall) are combined with cells of two types of plants with desirable characteristics.
Plants grown by using such methods are known as somatic hybrids.
Pomato was produced with the help of potatoes and tomatoes, but it lacked the desirable combination of ingredients to be used commercially.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Why is food production improvement so much needed?

Improving food production has become a constant demand for food security due to population growth. The application of biological principles to plant breeding and animal husbandry plays a key role in improving human efforts to increase crop production.

2. What is a 12th grade breeding class?

Crop breeding is the deliberate exploitation of plant species to produce desirable crop varieties that are better suited for planting, that produce better yields and are more resistant to disease.

3. Can gamma rays be used in plant development programs?

Plant analysis was performed in closed rooms. These plants are therefore tested for desired mutations to continue breeding. Radiated plants do not have a negative effect on radiation, so they are safe and can be used.

4. Where and how is man-made grain? Give an example.

An example is Triticale. It is developed by cross-cropping - common wheat (Trilicumaestivum) and European rye (Secalecereale). It is used instead of wheat in a few parts of the world.

5. Why are plants found in the protoplast culture called somatic hybrids?

It is formed after combining two different types of individual protoplasts, each of which has desirable traits for a hybrid protoplast that can be developed to form a plant.

6. Why is protein made from Spirulina called a single cell protein?

Single-cell proteins are proteins produced by microorganisms. One such microbe is Spirulina. The protein produced by Spirulina is therefore called a single-cell protein.