NBDE Pharmacology Mnemonics Online Course- Part 1

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Udemy

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Medium of instructions English
Mode of learning Self study
Mode of Delivery Video and Text Based

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₹ 799
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Udemy

The syllabus

Local Anesthetics Notes Mnemonics

  • Distinguish amide from ester local anesthetics based on the name - part1
  • Distinguish amide from ester local anesthetics based on the name - part 2
  • Metabolism of Local Anesthetics- ester vs amide
  • Local anesthetics are the drug group with the most consistent structure.
  • LA toxicity: prilocaine causes methemoglobinemia
  • Mechanism of action of local anesthetics
  • Absorption of local anesthetics
  • Calculations of local anesthetics (SPECIAL FORMULA)

Local Anesthetics Questions (see learning objectives)

  • Question 1
  • Question 2
  • Question 3
  • Question 9
  • Question 10
  • Question 11
  • Question 12
  • Q 13
  • Q 14- MNEMONIC: Duration of action of LAs
  • Q 15
  • Q 15 "2nd"- MNEMONIC: propranolol increases the duration of action of Lidocaine
  • Q 16- MNEMONIC: amide vs ester half lives
  • Q 17
  • Q 18- MNEMONIC: Methemoglobinemia & Orthotoluidine
  • Q 19
  • Q 20- MNEMONIC: LA toxicity effects on nervous systems
  • Q 20a
  • Q 20 "2nd"
  • Q 20 "3rd"-MNEMONIC: Grave's disease & sensitivity to epinephrine
  • Q 21- MNEMONIC: cardiovascular collapse is due to DIRECT action of LA on heart.
  • Q 22
  • Q 23- MNEMONIC: Cocaine blocks reuptake of norepinephrine & produces vasoconstri
  • Q 24- MNEMONIC: Cocaine stimulates cerebral cortex
  • Q 25
  • Q 26
  • Q 27- MNEMONIC: Sodium-potassium pump
  • Q 28
  • Q 30
  • Q 31
  • Q 32
  • Q 35- MNEMONIC: pKa, pH effect on local anesthetics.
  • pg 5- Q 33-MNEMONIC: onset of action of LA in small nerves vs large
  • pg5-Q 34
  • pg5- Q 35
  • pg5-Q 36
  • Q 37
  • Q 38
  • Q 39

Antibiotics Notes Mnemonics

  • Point 1a: Penicillin V vs Penicillin G
  • Point 1b: ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum
  • Point 1c: Drugs that are cross-allergenic with penicillin
  • Point 1d: Dicloxacillin is effective against penicillinase-producing bugs
  • point 1e: Carbenicillin is used to treat psuedomonas infections
  • point 1f (check latest guidelines)
  • point 2a: Bactericidal agents (penicillin) and their mechanism of action
  • Point 2b: Bacteriostatic agents (tetracyline) and their mechanism of action
  • point 2c: Antifungals mechanism of action.
  • Point 2d: Bacteriostatic agents (sulfonamides) mech. of action(PABA-folic acid)
  • point 3a: Allergic reactions to penicillins- symptoms
  • point 3b: Clindamycin produces psuedomonas colitis & GI upset
  • point 3c: broad spectrum & narrow spectrum antibiotics- superinfection
  • point 3d: Aplastic anemia is associated with chloramphenicol
  • point 3e: Tetracycline is associated with liver damage
  • point 3f: erythromycin estolate is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatits
  • Point 4a: Tetracyline and penicillin (cidal-static interaction)
  • point 4b: probenecid and penicillin interaction
  • point 4c: Tetracyline interaction with anatacids and dairy products
  • point 4d: Broad spectrum antibiotics enhance the action of coumarin
  • point 4e: Ampicillin reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives
  • point 4f: erythromycin inhibits metabolism of seldane and digoxin
  • point 5a: Acyclovir is used to treat herpes
  • point 5b: Fluconazole/ ketoconazole: systemic-acting antifungals for candidiasis

Antibiotics - Questions (see learning objectives)

  • Q 5
  • Q 6
  • Q 7- MMNEMONIC: penicillin G is given intramuscularly
  • Q 11
  • Q 12- MNEMONIC: Cephalexin is cross-allergenic with penicillins
  • Q 13
  • Q 14
  • Q 13 "2nd"
  • pg 8 Q 14 -MNEMONIC: substitutes for penicillin in penicillin-sensitive patients
  • Q15
  • Q 16- MNEMONIC: Ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum among penicillins
  • Q 17
  • Q 18
  • Q 19
  • Q 20- MNEMONIC: Ampicillin is the least effective against penicillinase
  • Q 21
  • Q 22
  • Q 24
  • Q 25
  • Q 26- MNEMONIC:Clindamycin concentration in bone; tetracycline in gingival fluid
  • Q 27
  • Q 37 pg 9
  • Q 28- MNEMONIC: Different Antibiotics side effects
  • Q 29- MNEMONIC: Erythromycin estolate is associated with cholestatic hepatits
  • Q 30
  • Q 31-MNEMONIC: Drugs that cause gastrointestinal upset & pseudomem. colitis
  • Q 32
  • Q 33
  • Q 34- MNEMONIC: Tetracycline side effects (photosensitivity & GI symptoms)
  • Q 36- MNEMONIC: Colitis from clindamycin therapy is cause by C. difficile
  • Q 37
  • Q 38- MNEMONIC: Acyclovir is used to treat herpes.
  • Q 38 "2nd"
  • Q 39
  • Q 40- MNEMONIC: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergisitic.
  • Q 41
  • Q 42- MNEMONIC: antibiotic concentration at the site of infection- odontogenic
  • Q 14 page 10
  • Q 42 "2nd"
  • Q 43
  • Q 44- MNEMONIC: Probenecid results in decreased renal excretion of penicillin
  • Q 71- MNEMONIC: Penicillin is metabolized in the liver, cleared by kidneys
  • Q 45
  • Q 46- MNEMONIC: Ciprofloxacin is affected by antacids and dairy products
  • Q 47- MNEMONIC: Erythromycin should be avoided in patients taking Seldane

Cardiovascular Drugs Mnemonics : 1. ) Drug used to treat a certain condition

  • Hypertension- point 1: Diuretics
  • Hypertension- point 2: Beta blockers
  • Hypertension- point 3: Alpha-1 blockers
  • Hypertension- point 4: centrally acting adrenergic drugs
  • Hypertension- point 5: neuronal blockers
  • Hypertension- point 6: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  • Hypertension- Group mnemonic
  • Angina
  • Arrhythmias- point 1: Lidocaine
  • Arrhythmias- point 2 : Phenytoin
  • Arrhythmias-point 3: Quinidine
  • Arrhythmias-point 4: Verapamil
  • Arrhythmias point 5: Digitalis
  • Arrhythmias point 6
  • Arrhythmia drugs group mnemonic
  • Congestive heart failure

Mechanism of action of Cardiovascular drugs

  • Antiarrhythmics point b: Type 1B agents (lidocaine)
  • Antiarrhythmics point c (digitalis)
  • Antiangina point a: Nitroglycerin
  • Antiangina point b: propranolol
  • Antiangina point c: Calcium channel blockers
  • Antihypertensives
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Adrenergic agents- point a: prazosin & alpha-1 action
  • Adrenergic agents- point b: Methyldopa
  • Adrenergic agents- point c: Clonidine & alpha-2 action
  • Adrenergic agents- point d: propranolol
  • Adrenergic agents- point e: metoprolol
  • Diuretics- introduction
  • Diuretics- point a: thiazides.
  • Diuretics- point b: High-ceiling or loop acting (furosemide)
  • Diuretics- point c: potassium sparing: spironolactone
  • Congestive heart failure drugs

Cardiovascular Drugs - Questions (see learning objectives)

  • Q 1
  • Q 2
  • Q 3
  • Q 4
  • Q 5
  • Q 6- MNEMONIC: Ephedrine is used to treat hypertension
  • Q 7
  • Q 8- MNEMONIC: Procainamide is used to treat cardiac aryythmia
  • Q 9: MNEMONIC: chlorothiazide is used in mild hypertension
  • Q 10
  • Q 11
  • Q 12
  • Q 13
  • Q 14
  • Q 15
  • Q 16
  • Q 17
  • Q 18
  • Q 19
  • Q 20
  • Q 21
  • Q 22- MNEMONIC: thiazide diuretics can cause hyperglycemia
  • Q 23
  • Q 24
  • Q 25
  • Q 26
  • Q 27
  • Q 28
  • Q 29
  • Q 30
  • Q 31: MNEMONIC: digitalis increases urine flow
  • Q 32- MNEMONIC: Prazosin inhibits the postsynaptic action of norepinephrine
  • Q 33
  • Q 33- MNEMONIC point a: Methyldopa stimulates alpha-2 in the brainstem
  • Q 33 point b: Metoprolol
  • Q 33 point c- MNEMONIC: hydralazine reduces hypertension by direct vasodilation
  • Q 33 point d- MNEMONIC: propranolol
  • Q 33- point e- MNEMONIC: Guanethedine & catecholamines & blood-brain barrier
  • Q 34
  • Q 35
  • Q 36
  • Q 37-MNEMONIC: Beta-1 agonists increase heart rate and cardiac output
  • Q 38- MNEMONIC: ethacrynic acid: high-ceiling diuretic, can cause ototoxicity
  • Q 39-MNEMONIC: Yellow-green vision is a symptom of digitalis toxicity
  • Q 40

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