Course 1: Anatomy and Physiology

Module 1 - Introduction to Cells

Basic Unit of the Human Body - Cells and Tissues
Components of the Blood
Types of Blood Cells
Anatomical Planes, Terms, and Positions

Module 2 - Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal & Connective Tissue Systems

Types of Connective Tissues
Structure of Bone & Cartilage
Bones in the Body
Special Types of Bones
Structure of Joints
Structure and Types of Muscle
Structure of Motor Unit

Module 3 - Anatomy of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems – Nose to Alveoli

Arteries and Veins
Components of the Blood
Types of Blood Cells
Blood Vessels of Various Regions in the Body
Pericardium
Structure & External Features of the Heart
Chambers of the Heart
Blood Supply to the heart
Nasal Cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs
Alveoli

Module 4 - Anatomy of the Digestive System - Mouth to Large Intestine & Urogenital System

Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Structure and Function of the Esophagus
Structure and Function of the Stomach
Structure and Function of Small Intestine
Structure and Function of the Large Intestines
Glands in the Digestive System
Structure of Kidney, Ureter, and Urinary Bladder
Male and Female External Genitalia
Female Pelvis & Structure of Uterus, Ovary, & Fallopian Tube
Male Pelvis & Structure of Prostate Gland and Testis

Module 5 - Anatomy of the Nervous System & Special Senses

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Coverings of Brain
Sulci & Gyri and Functional Areas of the Brain
Ventricles of the Brain
Blood Supply of the Brain
Structure & External Features of Spinal Cord
Tracts of the Spinal Cord
Structure of Ear
Structure of Eyeball

Module 6 - Anatomy of Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands: Overview
Structure of Pituitary Gland
Structure of Thyroid Gland
Structure of Adrenal Gland
Structure of Pancreas
Structure of Pineal Gland

Module 7 - Introduction to Physiological Systems

Terms and Positions
Basic Unit of Human Body - Cell and its Function
Each System and its Function
Homeostasis

Module 8 - Gastrointestinal System

G.I. Tract
Esophagus and Stomach
Small Intestine and Large intestine
Accessory Organs
Salivary Glands, Liver, and Pancreas
Ingestion, Digestion, and Absorption
Factors Regulating Movements in the GI tract
Common Problems Associated
Surgeries Associated
Common Techniques
Products Available in the Market for Procedures

Module 9 - Urinary System (Urology and Nephrology)

Anatomy/Structure of Kidney
Nephron, Ureter, and Urethra
Urine Formation
Kidney Stone – Major problems associated
Common Surgeries
Urology vs Nephrology
Products Available in the Market for the Procedure

Module 10 - Respiratory System

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Lungs
Mechanism of Breathing
Respiratory Volume
Measurement and Artificial Respiration

Module 11 - Cardiovascular System

Blood vessel – Type and Structure
Cardiac Muscle – Structure
Action Potential
Anatomy of Heart
Conducting System of the Heart
Sounds of Heart
Blood pressure – Regulation and Measurement Technique
Common Problems Associated
Surgical Procedures Associated

Module 12 - Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Organization and Structure of the Nervous System
Neurons and Action Potential
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Brain
Lobes and Cortical Areas
Spinal cord – Introductions
Arrangement and Plexus Formation
Autonomic Nervous System
Divisions and Controls
Reflex Mechanism
Common Problems Associated
Surgery Techniques Associated
Introduction to Endocrine System
General Functions

Course 2: Medical Instrumentation and Biomedical Signals

Module 1 - Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation

What biomedical instrumentation is
Components of the biomedical instrumentation system
Static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation
Measurement accuracy
Measurement and development of standards

Module 2 - Bioelectric Signals

What bioelectric signals are
How biomedical signals are generated
Man-instrument system block diagram

Module 3 - Biomedical Transducers

Transducer and its characteristics
Types of transducers
Common transducers for physiological signals

Module 4 - Different Types of Bioelectric Signals with Waveforms

ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, ERG, PCG, PPG, EGG, Capnogram, VCG
Biopotential electrodes and their types
Common noise associated with biomedical signals
Introduction to operational amplifiers (Op-amps), their characteristics, and basic configuration

Module 5 - Biopotential Amplifiers

Biopotential amplifiers
Signal conditioning circuits for noise processing (active filters)
Isolation circuits
Instrumentation amplifier ICs and analog front end ICs

Module 6 - ECG and EEG Acquisition Systems

ECG lead configuration
ECG machine
Multipara monitoring system
EEG machine
Parameters of respiration and spirometer

Module 7 - Hemodialysis Machine

Dialysis
- Renal system and its functions
- What dialysis is and why it is needed
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Filtration factor
- Renal clearance
Types of renal replacement therapy
Hemodialysis
- Working principle
- Hemodialysis machine
- Types of hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Artificial kidney
Impact on healthcare and economics

Module 8 - Electric Impulse Generator

What an electric impulse generator is
Cardiac pacemaker
Natural pacemaker of the heart
Cardiac arrhythmia
Artificial pacemaker
External and temporary pacing
Implantable cardiac pacemaker
Cardiac defibrillator
Neuro-stimulator
Non-invasive neurostimulation
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Invasive neurostimulation

Module 9 - Ventilator Machine and Oxygen Concentrator

Artificial Ventilation
- What artificial ventilation is
- Types of artificial ventilation
Ventilator machine
- Goal of mechanical ventilation
- Working principle of ventilator machine
- Modes of ventilator machine
- 10 maxims of ventilator design
- Open-source ventiators
Oxygen concentrators
- Oxygen therapy
- How an oxygen concentrator works
- Portable oxygen concentrators
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic
- Manufacturers of oxygen concentrators

Module 10 - Heart-Lung Support Systems

Cardiopulmonary bypass
- What cardiopulmonary bypass is and when it is needed
- Applications of CPB
- Block diagram and functioning of CPB
- Components of the heart-lung machine
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- What an ECMO machine is and when it is used
- Applications of ECMO
- Types of ECMO
Ventricular assist devices (VAD)
- What is a VAD and when is it used
- Application of VAD
- Types of VAD
Artificial heart

Module 11 - Medical Robotics

Medical Robots
Surgical Robots
Applications of Surgical Robots
Rehabilitation Robots
Robotic Prosthesis
Patient-assist Robots
Pharmacy Automation
Disinfection Robot
Endoscopy Robot
Microrobots and Nanorobots
Clinical Training Robots

Module 12 - Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Safety Guidelines, and Job Roles

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare
- What AI is
- Rise of AI in healthcare
- Common AI terms
Clinical applications of AI
System applications of AI
Healthcare AI in industry
Ethical concerns in medical research
Regulations
Medical device classification
- Indian standards
- FDA standards
- EU standards
General safety and maintenance guidelines for medical devices
- Need for safety and maintenance
- Preoperation setup and calibration
- Perioperative care
- Postoperative cleaning
Job roles in the healthcare field

Course 3: Medical Informatics

Module 1 - Introduction to Medical Informatics

Medical Informatics: Overview
Electronic Health Records / Hospital Information System
Health Information Technology Standards in Medical Informatics
Essential Concepts for Biomedical Computing and Coding Systems for Biomedical Data
Data Analytics and Reporting
Clinical Decision Support Systems and Artificial Intelligence

Module 2 - Application Areas of Medical Informatics

Hospital Information System (HIS)/Electronic Health Record (EHR)
Laboratory Information Systems (LIS)
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
Radiology Information System (RIS)
Clinical Information System (CIS)
Device Integration
Other Areas of Application
Global Emerging Trends

Module 3 - Healthcare Standards and Regulations

Quality Planning of Hospital Support System
Quality Assurance to Patients, National Accreditation Board for Hospitals (NABH), and Joint Commission International (JCI)
Patient Safety Trends And Incidents Management
Risk Management in Healthcare
Potential Medical Error
Mandatory Federal Regulations
Legislations Impacting the Field of Healthcare

Module 4 - Medical Informatics Tools

Tools used in Healthcare Information Technology (HCIT)
Understanding Database
Understanding HL7 Standard
Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
Software Development Tool
Interfacing Technologies
Reporting Technologies
Admit, Discharge, and Transfer (ADT) Sample Message
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Server / TCP Client Collection

Module 5 - IoT - Medical technologies

Cloud Computing and Data Analytics
Mobile Health - Telemedicine and Patient Monitoring
The Future of Computer Applications in Biomedicine
Point of Care Telemedicine
Computational Model of Physiology

Module 6 - Artificial Intelligence and its Future in Healthcare

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Technology
Understanding machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, and data science
Algorithms used in AI
Application and Usage of AI and Data Analytics
Technologies and Tools used for AI
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Regression Algorithms
Decision Tree and Random Forest

Course 4: Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare

Module 1 - Introduction to IoT

Basics of IoT and Communication Technologies
Uses of IoT – Smart Cities, Smart Living, Smart Energy, Smart Learning, and Smart Health
Wireless Communication Standards – ZigBee, Bluetooth, and WiFi.
Challenges of using IoT in Healthcare
Uses of IoT in Healthcare Systems – Patient monitoring & diagnostics, home healthcare, personal health care, and fitness

Module 2 - Wearable Health Monitoring System (WHMS)

Basics of Wearable Health Monitoring System (WHMS)
Need for Wearable Systems
Applications of WHMS - Soldiers, Astronauts, SIDS, Home Healthcare, Sports/Fitness, Disaster, COVID, Haptics, and more
Design of Wearable Computer - Introduction, Architecture, and Attributes
Design of Smart Textiles, Wearable Electronics, Dry Electrodes, and Textile Electrodes
Issues of WHMS & Factors Inhibiting Growth

Module 3 - IoT Architecture and Protocols

Networking Architectures, OSI and TCP/IP
Protocols and Standardization for IoT - M2M, RFID, SCADA, and BACNet
Basic Client-Server Communication Model
Network Sockets, Ports, IP and APIs
Sensor Interfaces – ECG, EEG, PPG, Pulse Oximeter, Temperature Sensors, and Pressure Sensors
Raspberry Pi and Python Programming

Module 4 - Wireless Body Area Network and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)

Basics of Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
WBAN Architecture and Topology.
Routing Protocols and Security
Energy Harvesting
IoMT in Healthcare Introduction and Architecture
Wearable IoMT
Data Handling, Analysis, and Cloud Computing

Course 5: Product Design and Development - from A to Z

Week 1 - Introduction to Product Design

Fundamentals of product design
Overview of each design process and development stage
Products that have demonstrated social impact and economic success
Reasons behind success of products

Week 2 - Integrated Product Development

What Integrated Product Development (IPD) methodology is
How design, market, and production are integrated in the process
Different phases of product design (with complexity and maturity)

Week 3 - Product Idealization and Planning

Methods for screening and identifying new product
How to choose the most compelling concept
Identifying customer needs
Key processes in the concept generation phase
How to plan for product development

Week 4 - Systems-Based Design Approach

Key aspects of systems engineering-based design approach
Defining operational concepts, requirements for subsystems
Verification and validation of software and hardware components
Systems integration

Week 5 - Product Architecture

Schematics of a product
Various functions and features
How each element influences final products
How function and form or products are integrated
Cost analysis of product development
Fundamentals of product architecture (modular and integral types)

Week 6 - Industrial Design Fundamentals

Key elements of successful industrial design
Role of industrial designers
Addressing key design challenges faced in
Human interface
Aesthetics
Physical ergonomics
Form and size
Social normal
Combination of functionality and art

Week 7 - Computer Aided Design

Use of CAD to create 3D models
Use of CAD to draft engineering drawings
Use of CAD to perform finite element analysis in multi-physics domains.
Basics of popular software used in the industry

Week 8 - Design for Reliability, Availability , Maintainability, and Safety

Importance of design of reliability, availability, and maintainability for product design
Failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) methodology to identify product risks
How to mitigate risks in the design and development stage
Different types of FMEAs

Week 9 - Reverse Engineering

Reverse engineering
Procedures followed in reverse engineering (mechanical reverse engineering)
Common 3D scanning techniques and the differences between them
Basics of reverse engineering software

Week 10 - Design for Manufacture and Assembly

Principles of design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA)
Fundamental methodology for DFMA
Manufacturing readiness levels (MRL)
Evaluate manufacturing maturity for each stage
Real-world examples of design modifications that improve manufacturing and assembly

Week 11 - Design for Environment and Sustainability

Industrial trends of conscious product design (with focus on environmental safety and sustainability)
Material sourcing
Process control and management
Product recycling stages and their impact on the environment

Week 12 - Product Prototyping

Industrial leading prototype method
3D printing
Additive manufacturing for design iterations
Advantages of each prototyping method
Methods of testing and validation

Week 13 - Project Management

Project management in product design
Product breakdown structure
Project schedule
Project budget
Risk registers
Project execution
Performance evaluation and feedback

Week 14 - Patents and Intellectual Property

Patent and intellectual property (IP)
Types of IP and their use cases
Formulate filing strategy
Prior art investigation
Claim drafting
Claim refinements
Application procedure
Internationally protected patents

Week 15 - Trends in Product Development

Trends and popular methods used in the product development process
Real-world applications of the methods
Industrial best practices for future product design

Course 6: Regulatory processes for medical devices

Module 1 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part I

Introduction
Preliminary
Regulation of Medical Device
Authorities, Officers, Bodies
Manufacture of Medical Devices for Sale and Distribution
Import of Medical Devices
Labeling of Medical Devices

Module 2 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part II

Clinical Investigation of Medical Devices and Clinical Performance Evaluation of New In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices
Import or Manufacture a Medical Device that does not Have a Predicate Device
Duties of Medical Device Officer, Medical Device Testing Officer, and Notified Bodies
Registration of Laboratory for Carrying out Test or Evaluation
Sale of Medical Devices

Module 3 - Schedules of MDR - Part 1

First Schedule - Parameters for classification of
- Medical devices
- In Vitro diagnostic medical devices
Second Schedule - Fee payable for license, permission, and registration certificate
Third Schedule - Documents required for registration of Notified Body, its duties, and functions.

Module 4 - Schedules of MDR - Part 2

Fourth Schedule
- Documents required for grant of license to manufacture for sale or for distribution or import

Module 5 - Schedule - CE marking

Fifth Schedule
- Quality Management System for Medical Devices
- In vitro diagnostic medical devices

Module 6 - Overview of the two important Global regulations - EU MDR and US FDA

Sixth Schedule - Post approval change
Seventh Schedule - Requirements for permission to import or manufacture an investigational medical device for conducting a clinical investigation
Eighth Schedule - Exemptions

Module 7 - Indian MDR,2017 vs EU regulations (MDR-2017/745 & IVDR-2017/746)

Introduction about EU MDR-2017/745 & IVDR - 2017/746
How Indian Medical device rules, 2017 will interlink with MDR - 2017/745 & IVDR - 2017/746

Module 8 - Other Countries Regulation which Interlinked with Indian Medical Device Rules

WHO-PQ (Prequalification)
US-FDA
TGA Medical Device Regulations

Course 7: Standards, certifications, and accreditations

Module 1 - Standards-1

Elements of Quality Infrastructure
Basic Concept of Standards
Types of Standards and its Benefits
National Standards Bodies and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Standards Development Process
Harmonization of Standards

Module 2 - Standards-2

Applicable Standards for Medical Devices/Equipment
Key aspects of ISO 13485
Key aspects of other Standards like IEC 60601-1,
ISO 16142-1 and ISO 16142-2

Module 3 - Certification-1

Key aspects of ISO 14971 – Risk Assessment Management Systems
Basic Concept of Conformity Assessments
Types of Conformity Assessments
Types of Certifications
- Product Certification
- Management System Certifications (MS)
- Personal Certification

Module 4 - Certification-2

Difference between Certification and Inspections
International Standards used for Conformity Assessments
Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs)
MS Certification Process

Module 5 - Accreditation-1

Basic Concept of Accreditation
Accreditation Standards
National Accreditation Framework - India
International Accreditation Systems
Global Acceptance Mechanism

Module 6 - Accreditation-2

Accreditation Process
Emerging Structure of Quality Infrastructure
Authentic Certification
Regulatory Reliance on Accreditation
Benefits of Accredited Certifications and Laboratories

Course 8: Manufacturing

Module 1 - Introduction to Manufacturing

What is manufacturing?
- Various definitions or concepts of manufacturing- Primary and secondary manufacturing processes
Manufacturing methods of metallic materials
- Manufacturing from the liquid state
- Manufacturing by material removal process,
- Manufacturing by material shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes
Manufacturing methods of non-metallic materials- polymeric materials, composite materials
Types of manufacturing defects
Knowledge on safe disposal/recycling or re-use of manufactured products including scrap- a must to know on the concept of cremation of manufactured products
Case studies on simulation tests for improving the robustness of manufactured products- either on existing products or conceptual innovative products

Module 2 - Manufacturing of metallic materials from Liquid State (Metal Casting Process)

What is casting? Classification of casting processes.
Elements of casting process patterns, moulds- permanent & expendable, cores.
Elements of gating systems.
Melting furnaces-classification.
Mould making, melting, pouring, fettling and finishing
Casting defects-causes and remedies.

Module 3 - Manufacturing of metallic materials by metal removal process

Classification of the material removal process
Material removal using the lathe-classifications brief concept of chip formation and their types
Drilling, milling, and grinding processes
Superfinishing operations- polishing, honing, and lapping

Module 4 - Manufacturing of metallic metals by shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes

Forging
Extrusion
Rolling
Drawing- Wire and tube drawing

Module 5 - Manufacturing of metallic materials by shaping in solid state-Metal forming processes & Joining Processes

Spinning
Concepts of welding, brazing, and soldering
Defects-causes and remedies

Module 6 - Manufacturing methods of non-metallic materials- polymeric materials

Polymer material classification
- Thermoplastics
- Thermosets
Extrusion and Film Blowing.
Sheet Thermoforming. Blow Molding. Compression Molding
Injection Molding and Hot compression molding

Module 7 - Manufacturing methods of composite materials

Classification of composite materials
Manufacturing of polymer composites
Hand lay-up, Vacuum moulding, Spray lay-up, Pultrusion, Resin transfer moulding (RTM), Filament winding
Manufacturing of metal matrix composites
- Vapour deposition
- In-situ fabrication
- Liquid state fabrication
- Semi-solid state & Solid state method
Manufacturing of ceramic matrix composites

Module 8 - Concepts of Joining, welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and shrink fitting

Joining, welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and shrink fitting
Assembling of parts to make finished or semi-finished parts
Fabrication methods employing the joining and assembling of parts to realise the final product.

Module 9 - Concepts of non-traditional machining and 3D printing

Non-Conventional manufacturing methods
Additive manufacturing methods
3D Printing

Module 10 - Bench marking of manufacturing process

Benching marking and its importance
Concepts like on time delivery
Capacity utilization
Cycle time, change over time
Customer returns/complaints
Cause and effect analysis and remedial measures

Module 11 - Elements of costing in manufacturing

Concepts of interest-types simple interest, compound interest, interest factors
Present worth analysis, Future worth analysis
Annual worth analysis
Replacement analysis-contender vs defender
Concept of depreciation, Cost analysis of product and concept of life cycle cost

Module 12 - Introduction to intellectual properties and Importance of the same in safe guarding the manufactured products

All about patents
Design registrations
Copyrights
Geographical indicators
How to get an IP right and its maintenance or selling of the IP rights

Course 9: Core and Advanced Python Programming

Week 1 - Introduction to Python, Python Basics

Features and uses of Python
Program execution
Installation of IDE
Identifiers and keywords
Types of comments
Data types
Variables
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Input and print statements

Week 2 - Strings, Decision Control Statements

Definition of string
Operations accessing string elements
Relational operators
Logical operators
Conditional expressions
If, If..else, If..elif

Week 3 - Repetition Statements and Console Input-Output

Use of while and for
Break and continue
Pass and else statements
Formatted input and output

Week 4 - Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionary

Use of while and for
Break and continue
Pass and else statements
Formatted input and output

Week 5 - Functions and Recursion, Functional Programming and Lambda Functions

Defining a function
Types of arguments
Global and local variables
Functions as arguments
Implementing Lambda functions
Map, Reduce, and Filter functions

Week 6 - File Input-Output and Modules

Read-write operations
With the keyword
File opening modes
Moving within a file
Serialization
File and directory operations
Importing a module
Variations of import
Third-party packages

Week 7 - Classes and Objects

Class variables
Methods
Operator overloading
Reuse
Containership
Inheritance

Week 8 - Exception Handling, Iterators and Generators

Iterables and iterators
Syntax errors and exceptions for:
try-except
else
finally blocks

Week 9 - Data Analysis with Pandas

Installing Pandas
Loading files
CSV files
JSON files
Dataframes

Week 10 - Numeric and Scientific Computing using NumPy

NumPy: Introduction
OpenCV
Images and NumPy Arrays

Week 11 - Graphical User Interfaces with Tkinter

Introduction to Tkinter
Setting up a GUI with widgets
Connecting GUI widgets with callback functions

Week 12 - Interacting with Databases

SQLite: Introduction
Connecting and inserting data to SQLite via Python
Selecting, deleting, and updating SQLite records

Course 10: Radiology

Module 1 - Introduction to Radiology

What is Radiology?
Usage of Medical Imaging
- Diagnostic Radiology
- Interventional Radiology
Types of Radiation
- Ionizing
- Non-ionizing
Penetration & Safety
Radiographic Densities

Module 2 - X-Ray

Introduction
What are X-rays?
How are X-rays made?
Production of X-rays
- X-ray generators
- X-ray detector
Applications of X-ray

Module 3 - Computed Tomography

History of CT
CT scan methodology
Development in CT Generations
Axial vs Spiral Scanning
Image Reconstruction and Processing
- Simple Back Projection
- Filtered Back Projection (FBP)
- Algebraic Reconstruction
- Iterative Reconstruction
Image Aquisition Techniques
- Scan Projection radiograph
- Axial CT Scan
- Helical CT Scan
- MultiSclice CT Scan
- Cardiac CT
- CT Fluoroscopy
- Dental CT
- Contrast-Enhanced CT

Module 4 - MRI

Physics Behind MRI and NMR
T1 & T2 Relaxation
Coils used in MRI
Instrumentation of MRI

Module 5 - MRI Sequence Imaging

MRI Sequence Imaging
- Spin Echo
- Gradient Echo
- Diffusion-Weighted
- Functional MRI
- Perfusion Weighted
Clinical Applications

Module 6 - Nuclear Medicine

Basics in Nuclear Medicine
Gamma-Ray Detectors & Cameras
Nuclear Medicine Equipments
- PET
- SPECT
Clinical Applications

Module 7 - Radiation Safety & Quality

Effects of Radiation
Classification of Radiation Damage
Radiation dosage in X-ray and CT exams
FDA Safety regulations for medical Imaging devices
- CT
- MRI
- Fluoroscopy
- Nuclear Medicine
Radiation Safety
- Operational safety
- Built-in safety

Module 8 - Mammography (X-Ray)

Health problems addressed
Mammography Technology
X-Ray Equipment for Mammography
Receptors & Display Systems
Radiation Dosage

Module 9 - Radiation Therapy for Cancer

Introduction to Palliative Radiation Therapy
Delivering Radiation Therapy
- External-Beam Radiation Therapy
- Internal Radiation Therapy
- Systematic Radiation Therapy
Side Effects of Radiation Therapy
Clinical Uses in Radiation Oncology
Safety in Radiation Therapy
Risk of Second Cancers from Radiation Therapy

Module 10 - Fluroscopic Image Systems

Introduction
Fluoroscopic Equipment
Imaging Factors
Fluoroscopic Designs with Applications
Radiation Safety for Patient & Operator

Module 11 - An Introduction to DICOM and PACS

DICOM file format
Different DICOM viewers
Picture Archive Communication System (PACS) Architecture
Understanding DICOM and PACS Software

Course 11: Imaging and Optics

Module 1 - Ultrasound

Introduction
- Basics and Fundamentals
- Advantages in the medical industry
- Overview of Applications
Ultrasonic Transducers
- Transducer materials
- Scanning with Array Transducers
- Different Transducers and probes
Imaging Modalities
- A mode Imaging
- B mode Imaging
- Image reconstruction Techniques

Module 2 - Ultrasound and its clinical applications

Blood flow measurement using ultrasound
- Doppler Imaging
- Colour Doppler Imaging
Advanced and Modern Imaging methods
- 3D ultrasound imaging
- Advanced research applications
- Clinical applications

Module 3 - Optical Imaging Techniques

Optical Properties of Biological Tissue
- Light Interaction with Tissues
Lasers
- Principle and Mechanism
- Laser Instrumentation
- Laser Safety and Hazards
- Laser Applications

Module 4 - LASERS in Opthalmology

Human Eye Anatomy and Physiology
Different types of LASER light Delivery modes
Therapeutic uses of LASERS
- Diabetic Retinopathy
Photo Dynamic Therapy and Clinical Applications
LASIK and clinical Applications

Module 5 - LASERS in Dermatology and Cosmetics

Introduction to dermatology
- Interaction between LASER light and Human skin
Types of LASERS used in Dermatology
- Nd: YAG LASER
- Alexandrite LASER
- Co2 LASER
Different Applications of LASER
- Tattoo removal and removal of Pigmented Lesions
- Hair removal
- Ablative skin resurfacing

Module 6 - LASERS in Urology

Introduction
Holmium Laser
- Instrumentation
- Applications
Thulium fibre laser
- Instrumentation
- Applications
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Module 7 - Fiber Optics in Medicine

Principles of light propagation through a fibre
- Different types of fibres and their properties
- Optical sources
- Optical detectors
Fibre optic instrumentation system
Endoscopy imaging
- Instrumentation
- flexible endoscope
- Rigid Endoscope
- capsule Endoscope
- Applications and complications
Non-robotic minimally invasive surgery
- Laparoscopic surgery
- “Keyhole” surgery
- Clinical applications

Module 8 - Fiber optic-based Biosensors

Optical Biosensors -Fundamentals
- Principles and Instrumentation
- Different Types
Biosensors for physiological vitals monitoring
Photodetector Based Biosensors
Spectroscopy and Biomedical applications
Surface Plasmon Resonance based Biosensors
Low-cost biosensor development strategies and applications

Module 9 - Microscopy and clinical Applications

Introduction to Ray Optics
Microscope Instrumentation
Different types of Microscopes
- DIC and Phase contrast
Fluorescence microscopy
- Instrumentation
- Filters & fluorophores
- Microscopy Clinical Applications
Applications in Cellular, molecular and clinical diagnostics

Module 10 - Super Resolution Microscopy and Applications

Introduction to High Power Lasers
Two-Photon Microscopy
Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy
Photo Activated Localization Microscopy
Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy
Electron Microscopy

Module 11 - Optical Coherence Tomography

Introduction
Principle and Instrumentation
OCT vs Ultrasound
OCT in Ophthalmology
OCT as a diagnostic tool for cancer
Catheter and Endoscopic OCT imaging

Module 12 - Advanced Imaging Techniques

Photoacoustic Imaging Systems
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Cancer Imaging
- Clinical Applications
Laser speckle contrast Imaging Systems
- Introduction
- Instrumentation
- Clinical Applications

Course 12: Medical Image Processing

Module 1 - Introduction to Digital Image Processing

Fundamental steps in image processing
Components of Image Processing System
Image sensing and acquisition
Image Quality Metrics
MTF (DQE)
SNR
Contrast
SSIM (Structural Similarity Index)
PSNR

Module 2 - Image sampling and quantization

Mathematical tools for Image processing
Basic Intensity Transformation
Spatial Filtering Techniques
Frequency domain filtering
- Fourier Transform
- Other transforms (e.g. Wavelet)
Example of Image rotation with C++ and OpenCV plugin

Module 3 - System Decomposition

Ultrasound
Basics and Principle
Image Acquisition
Image processing
Image Artifacts

Module 4 - System Decomposition

X-ray
- Basics and principle
- Image acquisition
- Radiography and fluoroscopy
- Image processing
System Decomposition
- CT (Computed tomography)
- Basics
- Image acquisition
- Image reconstruction – Basics (Radon transform).
- Image artifacts

Module 5 - System Decomposition

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Basics and principle
Image acquisition
Image reconstruction – Basics
Image artifacts

Module 6 - System Decomposition

Cathlab (Catheter Laboratory)
- Basics
- Image acquisition
Nuclear Medicine
- Emission tomography
- SPECT
Standards applicable for Medical Imaging modalities
- IEC
- FDA

Module 7 - Tools for Image Processing

Python
ITK framework – Segmentation and registration
RTK and VTK framework (not too much detail) - (Brief) Introduction to HPC (High-Performance Computing)
GPU, FPGA, CUDA, and OpenCL – Overview of architectures
Image enhancement
Contrast enhancement
Image visualization
Gamma correction

Module 8 - Neural Networks

Introduction and types
Deep Learning – Concepts and algorithms
CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)
Introduction to TensorFlow framework
Image Segmentation
- NN based segmentation
Practical examples with ITK and simple ITK framework

Module 9 - Image Registration with example (DSA) using ITK

Statistical methods applied to image processing
PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and applications
Introduction to Bayesian theorem
Application to image segmentation
Significance tests for comparing machine learning algorithms

Module 10 - Image denoising

Statistical methods
Transform based denoising
Feature extraction
Example – Biometrics (fingerprint and retinal scan)

Module 11 - Introduction to Image Classification

Types of classification
Pattern classification
Classification by prototype matching
Bayesian classification
Example – Classification problem using CNN and DL framework

Module 12 - Trends in Image Processing

Artificial Intelligence and methods
Clinical basis for AI
Ecosystem nurturing for AI
Example AI – X-ray diagnosis
Data science in pathology and haematology
Surgical robotics – Assisted navigation
Use of AR / VR (augmented / virtual reality)

Course 13: Advanced Medical Image Processing

Module 1 - Introduction

Graphics System
Graphics Pipeline
An illustrative example: Approaches
Introduction to OpenGL
- Primitives
- Approximating a Sphere
- Attributes
- Viewing and Interaction

Module 2 - Object Transformations

2D and 3D Primitives
Homogeneous Coordinates
Frames
Data Structures for Object Representation
Transformations
3D Example Demonstration

Module 3 - Viewing

Projection Models
Camera Position and Normalization
Interactive Viewer
Parallel and Perspective Projection with OpenGL
Need for Hidden Surface Removal
Fly Throw
Lighting and Shading

Module 4 - Digital Image

Writing to buffers
Mapping Methods
Texture Mapping
Reflection Mapping
Bump Mapping
Sampling and Aliasing

Module 5 - Hierarchical Models

Trees and Traversal
Stack-based Traversal
An Example
Scene Graph
CSG Tress
Quadtree and Octree

Module 6 - Medical Visualization

Multi-planar Reformatting
Maximum Intensity Projection
Surface Shaded Display
Iso-Surface Rendering
Multi-texture Interpolation
Shaded Iso-surfaces

Module 7 - Image Pre-Processing

Filtering
Resampling
Histogram Transformation
Noise Reduction
Inhomogeneity Correction
Edge Detection
Segmentation
Registration and Fusion

Module 8 - Surface Rendering

Surface from Contours
Marching Cubes
Advanced Methods
Unsegmented Data
Segmented Data
Mesh Smoothing

Module 9 - Volume Rendering

Rendering Model
Rendering Pipeline
Compositing
Ray Casting
Volume Rendering

Module 10 - Vascular Structures

Enhancement
Bone Removal
Projection Based Visualization
Vessel Analysis
Surface Visualization
Vessel Visualization

Module 11 - Rendering for Medical Diagnosis

Curvature Estimation
Feature Lines
Stippling
Hatching
Vascular Trees

Module 12 - Reformation

Anatomical Unfolding
Cortex Flattening
Tubular Straightening

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Executive Post Graduate Program in Medical Technology

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12 Months

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The syllabus

Course 1: Anatomy and Physiology

Module 1 - Introduction to Cells

Module 2 - Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal & Connective Tissue Systems

Module 3 - Anatomy of the Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems – Nose to Alveoli

Module 4 - Anatomy of the Digestive System - Mouth to Large Intestine & Urogenital System

Module 5 - Anatomy of the Nervous System & Special Senses

Module 6 - Anatomy of Endocrine System

Module 7 - Introduction to Physiological Systems

Module 8 - Gastrointestinal System

Module 9 - Urinary System (Urology and Nephrology)

Module 10 - Respiratory System

Module 11 - Cardiovascular System

Module 12 - Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Course 2: Medical Instrumentation and Biomedical Signals

Module 1 - Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation

Module 2 - Bioelectric Signals

Module 3 - Biomedical Transducers

Module 4 - Different Types of Bioelectric Signals with Waveforms

Module 5 - Biopotential Amplifiers

Module 6 - ECG and EEG Acquisition Systems

Module 7 - Hemodialysis Machine

Module 8 - Electric Impulse Generator

Module 9 - Ventilator Machine and Oxygen Concentrator

Module 10 - Heart-Lung Support Systems

Module 11 - Medical Robotics

Module 12 - Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Safety Guidelines, and Job Roles

Course 3: Medical Informatics

Module 1 - Introduction to Medical Informatics

Module 2 - Application Areas of Medical Informatics

Module 3 - Healthcare Standards and Regulations

Module 4 - Medical Informatics Tools

Module 5 - IoT - Medical technologies

Module 6 - Artificial Intelligence and its Future in Healthcare

Course 4: Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare

Module 1 - Introduction to IoT

Module 2 - Wearable Health Monitoring System (WHMS)

Module 3 - IoT Architecture and Protocols

Module 4 - Wireless Body Area Network and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)

Course 5: Product Design and Development - from A to Z

Week 1 - Introduction to Product Design

Week 2 - Integrated Product Development

Week 3 - Product Idealization and Planning

Week 4 - Systems-Based Design Approach

Week 5 - Product Architecture

Week 6 - Industrial Design Fundamentals

Week 7 - Computer Aided Design

Week 8 - Design for Reliability, Availability , Maintainability, and Safety

Week 9 - Reverse Engineering

Week 10 - Design for Manufacture and Assembly

Week 11 - Design for Environment and Sustainability

Week 12 - Product Prototyping

Week 13 - Project Management

Week 14 - Patents and Intellectual Property

Week 15 - Trends in Product Development

Course 6: Regulatory processes for medical devices

Module 1 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part I

Module 2 - Overview of Indian MDR2017 Part II

Module 3 - Schedules of MDR - Part 1

Module 4 - Schedules of MDR - Part 2

Module 5 - Schedule - CE marking

Module 6 - Overview of the two important Global regulations - EU MDR and US FDA

Module 7 - Indian MDR,2017 vs EU regulations (MDR-2017/745 & IVDR-2017/746)

Module 8 - Other Countries Regulation which Interlinked with Indian Medical Device Rules

Course 7: Standards, certifications, and accreditations

Module 1 - Standards-1

Module 2 - Standards-2

Module 3 - Certification-1

Module 4 - Certification-2

Module 5 - Accreditation-1

Module 6 - Accreditation-2

Course 8: Manufacturing