Analysis and Design of High Rise Buildings using ETABS and Foundation Design using SAFE for Seismic Loads

Week 1 - Overview of Seismic Design

Seismic design philosophy and limit states
Earthquake and their geotechnical and structural effects
Capacity design philosophy

Week 2 - Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics and its Applications in Earthquake Engineering – Part 1

Force displacement system
Damping Force
Equation of motion – external force
Equation of motion – earthquake excitation
Undamped free vibration systems
Viscously damped free damping
Earthquake response of linear systems
Response spectrum concept
Deformation, pseudo-velocity and pseudo-acceleration response spectra
Peak structural response from the response spectrum

Week 3 - Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics and its Applications in Earthquake Engineering – Part 2

Multi degree of freedom systems
Discretization of structural systems
Elastic, damping & inertia forces
Damping force
Equation of motion
Free vibration – Systems without damping
Modal response spectrum analysis
Equivalent lateral force method

Week 4 - Conceptual Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1

General principles of conceptual seismic design
Regularity and irregularity of building structures

Week 5 - Conceptual Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Resistance - Part 2

Essentials of structural system for seismic resistance - RC frame systems, wall systems, and dual systems
The Capacity Design philosophy
The role of a stiff and strong vertical spine in the building
Ductility as an alternative to strength

Week 6 - Detailed Design of Concrete Buildings - Part 1

Design of beams with reference to IS 13920

Week 7 - Detailed Design of Concrete Buildings - Part 2

Design of columns and beam - column joints with reference to IS 13920

Week 8 - Detailed Design of Concrete Buildings - Part 3

Design of shear walls with reference to IS 13920

Week 9 - ETABS Modeling

Architectural drawings - a cost efficient load path carved out using ETABS 2016.
From identifying loads, to creating an ETABS model
Complete analysis and design of RCC building in zone 5 will be demonstrated

Week 10 - Foundation Design - Part 1

Foundation structures for frames and structural walls
Footing & pile design using Excel spreadsheet

Week 11 - Foundation Design - Part 2

Check for liquefaction
Design of raft foundation using SAFE

Mastering Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Week 1 - Introduction

Concepts of stress and strain
Important aspects of stress-strain curves of steel and concrete materials
Hooke’s law
Modulus of elasticity
Limit of proportionality
Yield stress
Proof stress
Fundamentals of equilibrium state
Types of equilibrium
Equilibrium equations
Beams and their various types

Week 2 - Analysis of Single Span Beams

Analysis approach for single-span beams
Types of loading
Uniform loading
Concentrated load
Linearly varying load
Determining the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beams
Sign convention used in the industry

Week 3 - Introduction to Methods of Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Beams and Analysis of Propped Cantilever Beams

Statically indeterminate beams
Different methods of analysis of statically indeterminate structures
Stiffness method
Force method
Equilibrium and deformation compatibility equations
Overview on Castigliano’s theorem for determining displacements
Determination of bending moment and shear force diagrams of a single span statically indeterminate beam
Analysis of propped cantilever beam subjected to uniform load and concentrated load

Week 4 - Introduction to Internal Hinges in Beams and Two Span Continuous Beams

Internal hinges in statically indeterminate beams along with real-life examples
Implications of internal hinges on bending moments
Analysis of single-span and two-span beams with internal hinge
Determining bending moment and shear force diagrams

Week 5 - Introduction to Influence Line Diagrams

Concept of influence line diagram and its applications
Influence lines of vertical reactions for a single span simply supported beam
Concept of moving loads
Determining absolute maximum bending moment in a beam due to a system of concentrated loads

Week 6 - Introduction to Muller Breslau’s principle

Müller-Breslau’s principle
Concept of load patterning
Application of Müller-Breslau’s principle
Determination of qualitatively maximum moment in midspan
Maximum moment over support
Maximum support reaction for multi-span beams

Week 7 - Introduction to Flexible Supports of Beams (springs)

Concept of flexible supports
Real-life examples of flexible supports
Importance of considering support’s flexibility in statically indeterminate beams
Analysis of two-span beam with one of the supports as spring
Significance of support flexibility by comparing the analytical findings to a two-span beam without flexible supports.

Week 8 - Introduction to Portal Frames

Portal frame structures
Various types of portal frames
Single storey single bay
Single storey two bays
Two storeys single bay
Two storeys two bays
Multi-storied multibay
Application of portal frames in real-life structures like steel and concrete buildings

Week 9 - Analysis of Single Storied Portal Frame Subjected to Gravity Load

Analysis of single-storey portal frame with fixed base subjected to concentrated load using slope deflection method
The concept of the sway of the portal frame due to gravity loads

Week 10 - Analysis of Single-Storey Portal Frame Subjected to Lateral Loads

Analysis of single-storey portal frame with fixed bases using slope deflection method

Week 11 - Approximate Methods of Analysis for Multi-Storey Portal Frames

Approximate methods of analysis of multi-storied portal frames using
Portal frame method
Cantilever method
Derivation of bending moment and shear force diagrams

Week 12 - Introduction to Modelling in ETABS

Overview of the ETABS software
Demonstration of ETABS analysis of single and multi-span beams.
Modeling flexible support in ETABS is demonstrated.
Demonstration of ETABS's analysis of single-story and multi-story portal frames under varied support situations.
Measuring sway deformation and lateral drifts in the portal frame.

Structural Actions on Tall Buildings using International Codes

WEEK 1 - Introduction to Tall Buildings And Gravity Loads

Definition of Tall Building
Historical Background
Ten Tallest Buildings around the World
Asia – Land of Tall Buildings
Need for tall buildings
Factors affecting tall buildings
Functional Requirements
Structural Design Considerations
Concept of Premium for Height
Cost optimization for Tall Buildings
Design Process
Loading on Tall Buildings
Dead Loads
Superimposed Dead Loads
Live Loads

WEEK 2 - Gravity Loads And Seismic Loads

Live Loads
Other Special Load Cases
Load Combinations
Basic Concepts
Design Process
Design Approaches
Dynamic Analysis

WEEK 3 - Seismic Loads

Response Spectrum
Damping
Ductility
Code Provisions

WEEK 4 - Wind Loads

Wind load - Definition
Pressure Calculation
Design Considerations
Types of Wind
Characteristics of Wind
Code Provisions

WEEK 5 - Wind Loads and Design Criteria

Codal Provisions
Wind Tunnel Testing
Design Approach
Lateral Load Design Philosophy
Functional Requirements
Components of Tall Buildings
Structural Behaviour
Limit States
Sway
Mitigation of Wind
Fire Requirements

WEEK 6 - Stability Systems

Codal Provisions
Fire Requirements
Introduction
Factors Affecting Stability System
Shear Wall System
Coupled Shear Walls System
Moment Frame System
Dual System
Other Stability Systems
Diaphragms
Slab Systems
Outrigger Structures

WEEK 7 - Second-Order Effects and Long-term Effects on Tall Buildings

Second-Order Effects
Long Term Effects
Thermal Loads
Structural Integrity

WEEK 8 - Modelling using ETABS

Input Parameters for Analysis of Buildings in ETABS
Verification of Results from ETABS
Assigning Parameters for the Design of Building Elements in ETABS

WEEK 9 - Substructures in Tall Building - 1

Introduction to Substructures
Usage of Substructures
Design Considerations
Ground Investigations
Foundation Systems
Ground Water Considerations

WEEK 10 - Substructures in Tall Building - 2

Stages of Basement Construction
Types of Excavation
Types of Shoring Systems
Basement Waterproofing Systems

WEEK 11 - Modelling using SAFE And Special Topics

Exporting Forces from ETABS to SAFE
Input Parameters
Analysis and Design Checks
Damping

WEEK 12 - Miscellaneous Topics

Seismic Isolation
Wind Tunnel Testing
Design Optimisation

Structural Design of Highrise Precast Buildings using ETABS

Week 01 - Basic Intro: Codes, Inputs, software

Precast concrete structures are distinguished from cast-in-place structures by their essential differences.
Structural design of G+15 precast building
Inputs required
Architectural plan of the buildings
Location of the building
Usage of the building
Substructure Information (soil capacity, subgrade modulus)
Slight brief about the structural codes to be used IS 456, IS 1893, IS 13920, IS 15916, PCI reference
Slight brief about the software to be used during the course

Week 02 - Concept Design

At a different level, work with the architectural plan and prepare the structural framing.
Recognize and establish the building's vertical load path.
Understand and establish the building's lateral load resisting system/stability system.
Understanding the structure's grounding of forces
Freeze the building's structural system's quality.
Prepare the structural frame drawings for all levels in order to prepare the analytical model.

Week 03 - Concept Design - Precast

Breaking down the structural parts into precast members that are possible
Understanding the fundamentals of various precast elements
The size criteria for various precast members
An overview of the different types of precast elements
Developing new structural plans in accordance with the precast structural scheme
Developing some rudimentary connection sketches at this stage

Week 04 - Force Calculation

Identifying all the forces considered for the analysis
Calculation of all the forces
The calculation for wind, snow, & earthquake loads
Basic understanding of IS 1893 (Static & Dynamic method)
Hand calculations showing seismic base shear
Additional stages to be taken for precast members: demolding, transportation, and erection

Week 05 - Load combinations, Strength & Serviceability parameters, Progressive collapse

Load combination as per IS 456 & IS 1893
Strength parameters for precast members
Serviceability parameters & checks for precast building
Introduction to Progressive collapse
Progressive collapse prevention system for the building
Introduction to horizontal & vertical ties

Week 06 - Analytical model of the precast building in ETABS

Setting up the analytical model
The geometry of the analytical model as per framing plans
Preliminary sizing of the structural members
Section properties of the structural members
Support parameters, connection parameters, and mass source
DBR preparation

Week 07 - Analytical model – Loading, connection parameters, foundation properties, and seismic inputs

Load application on the analytical model
Seismic load application on the analytical model
Wind load application
Mass source
Load combination
Limit state of strength & serviceability

Week 08 - Behavior of the analytical model

Checking the behaviour of the analytical model
The deflected shape under various load cases (dead, lateral)
Base reactions & uplifts
Story drifts & deflections
Connection forces in FEM design
The mode shapes & governing modes
The mode participation factors
Preliminary system run design of the members

Week 09 - Foundation design of the building & Precast element design

Detailed analysis for base reaction forces
Based on base reactions and soil qualities, a form of foundation is suggested
Create a foundation utilising SAFE and a raft reinforcement design
Additional checks for the foundation
Verifying the initially assumed sizes of the members
Detailed design of the precast elements
Design for reinforcement precast slabs (solid slabs, Hollow core slabs)
Design for precast reinforced beams & Columns
Design for precast concrete walls

Week 10 - Design of various precast elements

Additional inspections will be carried out during the lifting and transportation stages
Other design stages require connection and strengthening
Information on many sorts of structural elements in general
Slabs with hollow cores, filigree slabs, and balcony slabs, as well as their connections
Introduction to Prestressed structural members
Types of precast walls
Sandwich walls
Double walls
Battery walls
Cavity walls

Week 11 - Design of precast connections

Identifying & computing connection forces from the analytical model
Schematic design of a precast connection
Connection sketches
Detailed connection design for various connections
Wall – Wall horizontal
Wall – Wall vertical
Wall – Foundation
Wall – Slabs
Beam – Slab
Beam – Column connections
Balcony slab – Beam connection
General information about various types of connections

Week 12 - Diaphragm design and Robustness

Design for the semi-rigid diaphragm of the precast deck
Cast on-site reinforcement required for diaphragm action
Details for cast-on-site reinforcing are being prepared
Robustness system of the building
Provision of horizontal and vertical ties in the building
Computing Tie forces
Changed connection forces

Structural Analysis and Design of Composite Structures using ETABS

Week 1 - Structural Systems for Tall Buildings (Part 1)

Basics of tall buildings
Tallest buildings in the world (as of 2020)
Loadings and supports
Structural mechanics concepts
Structural elements and their behaviour
Structural systems and their classification

Week 2 - Structural Systems for Tall Buildings (Part 2)

Structural systems and their behaviour
Comparative study of structural systems
Shanghai Tower – structural framing & challenges
Taipei 101 – structural framing & challenges
p-δ analysis

Week 3 - Loads on Tall Buildings

Gravity loads
Load paths
Modelling of structure
Wind loads as per IS 875: 2015 (Part 3)
Wind load estimation & application in ETABS
Earthquake loads as per IS 1893: 2016
Seismic load estimation & application in ETABS
Design philosophy in wind & seismic loads

Week 4 - Modal Analysis of Tall buildings

Underlying Physics
D'alembert's Principle
Equation of Motion
Modal Analysis
Influence of Modal Response
Idealized Model – SDOF Structure

Week 5- Structural Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures (Part 1)

Structural actions
Concrete & its key properties
Characteristic strength
Stress-strain curves
Creep & shrinkage
Corrosion
Design methodology
Limit state of design
Load combinations

Week 6 - Structural Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures (Part 2)

Type of slab & its function
One-way vs Two-way slabs
Slab design & detailing
Beam types
Beam analysis & design
Column classification
Column analysis & design
Wall design

Week 7 - Structural Analysis and Design of Steel Structures (Part 1)

Steel vs Concrete comparative study
Structural steel sections
Section classification
Allowable stress design
Limit state design
Design flow chart
Design of tension members
Failure modes and strength estimation

Week 8 - Structural Analysis And Design Of Steel Structures (Part 2)

Design of compression member
Euler buckling criteria
Flexural buckling
Torsional-Flexural buckling
Design of beams
Deflection criteria for the beams
Bolted connection
Welded connection

Week 9 - Fundamentals of Composite Structures (Part 1)

Composite structures
Practical applications
Key advantages
Composite deck slab
Design philosophy
Construction of composite deck slab
Advantages of composite deck slab
Connection details

Week 10 - Fundamentals to Composite Structures (Part 2)

Composite beam philosophy
Load transfer
Design criteria
Prefabricated composite beams
Composite coupling beams
Composite columns
Load capacity of composite columns
Composite connection
Composite wall
Software advances

Week 11 - Framing Plan for Composite Deck Slab (Part 1)

Composite deck slabs
Various available profiles
Design parameters
Floor framing options
Manual calculations
Deck sizing and selection
Modelling and analysis in ETABS
Analysis of composite beams
Design of composite beam

Week 12 - Framing Plan for Composite Deck Slab (Part 2)

Construction details of composite slab
Shear connectors
Shear studs and their load transfer mechanism
Shear resistance of the studs
Floor vibration
Cambering
Heat cambering vs cold cambering
Scheduling of construction

Week 13 - Structural Design of Composite Buildings using ETABS (Part 1)

Study of an apartment floor plan and its occupancy
Schematizing the structure with a dual system
Selection of codes & Materials in ETABS
Defining the steel beam member and Composite column in ETABS

Week 14 - Structural Design of Composite Building using ETABS (Part 2)

Definition of composite deck slabs in ETABS
Overview of Seismic load factors from IS-1893 and its application in ETABS
Overview of Wind load factors from IS-875 and its application in ETABS
Analysis and design verification of Composite columns & Steel beams in ETABS

Reinforced Cement Concrete Design

Week 01 - Structural systems, Properties of concrete & Properties of reinforcing steel

Objectives of structural design
Example of structural systems (different types of floor systems, vertical and lateral framing systems etc.)
Design codes
Basics of concrete mix proportions and unit weight.
Unconfined compressive strength of concrete (cylinder & cube)
Stress-strain curve for concrete and its characteristics modified Hognestad parabola)
Concrete stress-strain curve per IS 456:2000
Confined strength of concrete (overview)
Characteristic strength of concrete, the tensile strength of concrete
Shrinkage & creep
Properties of steel (stress v/s strain, Fe250/Fe415/Fe500)

Week 02 - Design Philosophies & Beam in Flexure (analysis)

Preview into WSM, Strength Design (ULM) and Limit State Design (LSD)
Two Limit States (serviceability & strength)
Characteristic loads and load safety factor
Design material strength
Building frame example [Load distribution from slab – beam-column – foundation]
Slabs in building
One-way slabs (behaviour and structural analysis)
Theory of flexure
Concept of the neutral axis
Failure modes of RC section (under-reinforced, over-reinforced & balanced section)
Moment of resistance

Week 03 - One-way slabs & Two-way slabs

Structural analysis and design of one-way slab
Reinforcement detailing for one-way slabs
Introduction to two-way slabs
Difference between one-way & two-way slabs
Analysis of two-way slabs
Effective span for two-way slabs
Design example (two-way slabs)
Reinforcement detailing in two-way slabs

Week 04 - Beams in Flexure

Introduction to reinforced concrete beams
Moment of resistance
Concept of flanged beams in buildings
Analysis of under-reinforced rectangular beams
Analysis of over-reinforced rectangular beams
Flanged beams (effective width and other
characteristics)
Analysis of flanged beams in flexure
Limiting percentage of steel in beams

Week 05 - Beams in Flexure

Analysis of T-Beam (design example)
Concept of doubly reinforced rectangular beam
Analysis of doubly reinforced beam

Week 06 - Beams in Flexure, Bond, development length and anchorage length

Structural analysis of beam in the building frame
Design of singly reinforced beam in the building frame
Reinforcement detailing of beams
Bond strength of concrete
Development length and anchorage length

Week 07 - Shear

Principal stress in beams
Modes of cracking
Shear transfer mechanism
Effect of reinforcement on shear failure
Nominal shear stress in the beam
Critical section for one-way shear
Shear strength without shear reinforcement
Shear strength of the slab
Shear strength with shear reinforcement
Reinforcement detailing of shear reinforcement
Design example

Week 08 - Torsion & Deep Beams

Torsion in structural members (compatibility torsion and equilibrium torsion)
Torsional reinforcement provisions per IS code
Torsional reinforcement detailing
Design example
Introduction to deep beams and design example

Week 09 - Columns

Tied columns and spiral column
Loading on columns
The effective length of the column (braced & unbraced length)
Effective length per IS 456
Slender and short columns, slenderness limits
Reinforcement detailing of columns
The design strength of short column under pure axial load

Week 10 - Columns

Short column subjected to axial load and uniaxial moment
Strain profile under axial load and varying eccentricities
Introduction to P-M interaction curve
Possible modes of failure of column
Generating P-M interaction curve (equations and design example)
Design of column subjected to axial load and uniaxial moment
Design of column subjected to axial load and biaxial moment
Use of design aids (SP 16) for column design

Week 11 - Foundations

Types of foundation (isolated, raft, combined, wall)
Bearing pressure under footing (due to axial load, axial load and uniaxial moment)
Design considerations (Bearing pressure, one-way shear, two-way shear and flexure)
Transfer of forces at column base: Bearing of concrete
Reinforcement detailing
Design example: Isolated, concentrically loaded footing
Design example: Isolated, eccentrically loaded footing

Week 12 - Foundations