Top 50 Spring Framework Interview Questions and Answers

The Spring Framework is one of the most widely used Java frameworks for building enterprise-level applications. Spring Framework is flexible, and its modular structure makes it a great choice for web developers looking to create web applications quickly and efficiently. As companies seek skilled professionals, candidates need to prepare well and understand the types of spring boot interview questions beforehand. Mastering Spring Framework questions can open doors to lucrative job opportunities in top multinational companies (MNCs) and startups.

This Story also Contains

1. Spring Framework Interview: Overview
2. Scope of Spring Framework
3. Skills Needed for a Spring Framework Expert in MNCs

To get these opportunities, candidates can develop their knowledge with Online Spring Framework Certification Courses and ace their Spring Framework interview questions and answers. These Spring Framework interview questions and answers will equip candidates with in-depth knowledge while helping you build cutting-edge web applications. To know more, read the full article below.
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Spring Framework Interview: Overview

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Q1. What is the Spring framework?
Ans: The Spring framework is a Java platform which offers complete infrastructure support for constructing Java applications. Spring covers the infrastructure, allowing you to focus on your app. Spring allows the creation of lightweight, production-grade apps with little or no setup. It makes it simple to build standalone, production-grade Spring-based apps that can "simply operate."

Q2. Why is the Spring framework so popular?
Ans: The Spring framework is so popular because it makes developing Java applications much easier. The framework provides a great deal of flexibility and allows developers to easily create high-quality applications. Additionally, the Spring framework is constantly being updated with new features and enhancements, which keeps developers interested in using it. This is one of the Spring core interview questions that must be prepared thoroughly.

Q3. What are some of the key features of the Spring framework?
Ans: The Spring framework is a popular Java-based application framework that offers a wide range of features, making it an ideal choice for enterprise Java development. Some of the key features of the Spring framework include:

• A lightweight container that can be used to manage application components and resources.
• Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection (DI) support to promotion of loose coupling between components and avoid tightly coupled code.
• A powerful abstraction layer that enables developers to work with different types of data sources and resources without having to deal with the underlying details.
• A flexible configuration management system that allows applications to be easily adapted to different environments.
• Support for Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) which enables developers to modularise cross-cutting concerns such as logging, security, and transaction management.

Q4. How can the Spring framework help you in your development career?
Ans: The Spring framework is a powerful tool that can help you in your development career in many ways. It can help you develop applications faster, improve application quality, and make applications more maintainable and easier to test. In addition, the Spring framework provides a wealth of features and libraries that can further improve your development productivity.

Q5. What are some of the best practices for using the Spring framework?
Ans: This is an important topic that must be practised while preparing for Spring framework interview questions and answers. Some of the best practices for using the Spring framework are dependency injection, Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), and the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern.

• Dependency injection is a technique for decoupling objects that depend on each other. This can be done by injecting dependencies into an object through its constructor, setter methods, or even through its fields.
• Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that helps to modularise code that handles cross-cutting concerns. These concerns are things like logging, security, and transaction management. By modularising this code, it becomes easier to maintain and reuse.
• The Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern is a way of structuring code that separates the data model from the user interface. This separation makes it easier to develop and test code, as well as making it simpler to change the user interface without having to change the underlying data model.

Q6. What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) in Spring Framework?
Ans: Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that allows developers to modularise crosscutting concerns. In Spring Framework, AOP is implemented using proxy-based or AspectJ-based approaches.

Q7. What is Spring Data?
Ans: Spring Data is one of the topics you should consider while preparing for Spring framework interview questions and answers. It is a Spring Framework module that provides a consistent, high-level approach to data access for relational and non-relational data stores.

Spring Boot Interview Questions

Q8. What is Spring Boot?
Ans: This is another must-know topic you should consider for better Spring framework interview questions and answers preparation. Spring Boot is a Spring Framework module that provides a preconfigured set of features and a runtime environment for building production-ready applications with minimal configuration.

Q9. What is Spring Security?
Ans: Spring Security is a powerful and highly customisable authentication and access-control framework for Java applications. It provides support for authentication and authorisation using a variety of mechanisms, including HTTP Basic authentication, OAuth2, and more.

Q10. What is the difference between Spring Framework and Spring Boot?
Ans: Spring Framework provides a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications, while Spring Boot provides a preconfigured set of features and a runtime environment for building production-ready applications with minimal configuration.

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Q11. How does Spring Framework support transaction management?
Ans: Spring Framework provides support for transaction management through its transaction abstraction layer, which allows developers to declaratively manage transactions using annotations or XML configuration. The transaction management is provided through various transaction managers, including JTA, JDBC, Hibernate, and more. This is amongst the most important Spring boot questions you need to prepare for your interviews.

Q12. Explain the concept of Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring.
Ans: Dependency Injection is a design pattern in which objects are provided with their dependencies rather than creating them themselves. Spring's IoC container manages the dependencies and injects them into the dependent objects.

Q13. What is a Bean in Spring?
Ans: In Spring, a Bean is an object managed by the Spring IoC container. It is created, configured, and managed by Spring and is used as a reusable component in the application. Prepare this type of Spring core interview questions for a better understanding.

Q14. How can you define a Bean in Spring?
Ans: A Bean can be defined in Spring using annotations like @Component, @Service, @Repository, or through XML configuration using <bean> elements. This is one of the must-know interview questions for Spring Framework.

Q15. What is the Spring Application Context?
Ans: The Spring Application Context is an interface that represents the Spring IoC container. It provides the ability to wire components, manage configurations, and resolve dependencies. This is one of the most essential interview questions for Spring framework.

Q16. What is the difference between constructor injection and setter injection?
Ans: Constructor injection involves injecting dependencies through a constructor, while setter injection involves injecting dependencies through setter methods. Constructor injection is preferred for mandatory dependencies, while setter injection is used for optional dependencies.

Q17. What is a Spring Boot Starter?
Ans: A Spring Boot Starter is a set of pre-defined dependencies bundled together to simplify the dependency management process in a Spring Boot application.

Q18. How does Spring support internationalisation (i18n) and localisation (l10n)?
Ans: Spring supports i18n and l10n through the use of LocaleResolver and resource bundles. It allows the application to present content in different languages and formats based on the user's locale.

Q19. Explain the role of the DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC.
Ans: This is one of the Spring interview questions for freshers. The DispatcherServlet is the front controller in a Spring MVC application. It receives all incoming requests, processes them, and dispatches them to the appropriate controller for handling.

Q20. What is the purpose of the @RequestMapping annotation in Spring MVC?
Ans: The @RequestMapping annotation is used to map a URL pattern to a specific method in a controller class. It defines which method should handle a particular HTTP request.

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Q21. How does Spring support method-level security?
Ans: Spring supports method-level security through annotations like @Secured, @PreAuthorize, and @PostAuthorize. These annotations allow developers to specify access control rules at the method level.

Q22. What is Spring Boot Actuator?
Ans: Spring Boot Actuator is a set of built-in tools and endpoints provided by Spring Boot for monitoring and managing applications. It offers features like health checks, metrics, and environment information.

Interview Questions for Spring Framework

Q23. How can you enable cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) in a Spring application?
Ans: This is another essential topic that you should know while preparing for Spring framework interview questions and answers. CORS can be enabled in a Spring application by adding @CrossOrigin annotations to specific controller methods or by configuring CORS globally using WebMvcConfigurer.

Q24. What is Spring Data JPA?
Ans: Spring Data JPA is a part of the Spring Data project that simplifies data access using the Java Persistence API (JPA). It provides a higher-level abstraction for working with data stores.

Q25. Explain the purpose of Spring Boot Auto-Configuration.
Ans: Spring Boot Auto-Configuration automatically configures beans based on the libraries and components detected in the classpath. It simplifies application setup and reduces the need for manual configuration.

Q26. What is a Spring Boot Actuator endpoint?
Ans: A Spring Boot Actuator endpoint is a specific URI that provides access to runtime information about an application. Examples include /actuator/health for health checks and /actuator/info for application information.

Q27. What is Spring Boot's application.properties (or application.yml) file used for?
Ans: It is used for configuring application properties, such as database settings, server ports, and logging levels. It provides a centralised location for configuring various aspects of the application.

Q28. How can you integrate Spring Boot with other technologies, like Thymeleaf for templating?
Ans: Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for many common technologies. For Thymeleaf, adding the dependency and configuring the templates directory is typically enough to get started.

Q29. What is Spring Boot DevTools?
Ans: Spring Boot DevTools is a topic that you should know for better Spring framework interview questions and answers preparation. It is a set of tools that helps improve the development experience. It provides features like automatic application restarts, live reloading of resources, and enhanced error reporting.

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Q30. How can you handle transactions in Spring Boot?
Ans: Spring Boot leverages Spring's transaction management capabilities. Candidates can use annotations like @Transactional on methods or classes to define transactional behaviour.

Q31. What is the Spring Boot Actuator's "info" endpoint used for?
Ans: The "info" endpoint in Spring Boot Actuator provides custom information about the application, which can be useful for providing additional details or versioning information.

Q32. What is Spring Boot's support for handling profiles?
Ans: Spring Boot supports application profiles which allow different configurations to be used for different environments (e.g., development, production). Profiles are defined in application-{profile}.properties or application-{profile}.yml files.

Q33. How does Spring Boot handle externalised configuration?
Ans: Spring Boot allows configuration properties to be externalised from the application code, which can be provided through properties files, environment variables, command-line arguments, and more.

Q34. What is Spring's support for asynchronous programming?
Ans: Spring provides support for asynchronous programming using the @Async annotation. This allows methods to be executed in a separate thread, improving responsiveness.

Q35. What is Spring Boot's CommandLineRunner interface?
Ans: The CommandLineRunner interface in Spring is one of the must-know Spring framework interview questions and answers for experienced. The CommandLineRunner interface in Spring Boot allows you to execute code when the application has started, providing an opportunity to perform tasks before the application fully starts.

Q36. Explain the purpose of Spring Boot's application.properties (or application.yml) file over other configuration files.
Ans: The application.properties (or application.yml) is the primary configuration file in Spring Boot, providing a central place for configuring various aspects of the application. It takes precedence over other configuration files.

Q37. What is the purpose of Spring Boot's spring factories file?
Ans: The spring.factories file is used for automatic configuration in Spring Boot. It lists the classes that should be loaded by the auto-configuration process.

Q38. How does Spring Boot support testing?
Ans: Spring Boot provides support for unit testing, integration testing, and end-to-end testing through its testing utilities and annotations like @SpringBootTest. You must practice this type of Spring interview question for freshers and experienced alike for a better understanding.

Q39. What is Spring Boot's support for caching?
Ans: Spring Boot integrates with popular caching libraries like Ehcache, Caffeine, and Redis to provide caching capabilities. It supports both declarative and programmatic caching.

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Q40. How can you monitor and manage Spring Boot applications using external tools?
Ans: Spring Boot Actuator provides endpoints that can be used to monitor and manage applications. External tools like Prometheus or Grafana can be integrated to collect and visualise metrics.

Q41. What is Spring Cloud?
Ans: Spring Cloud is a set of tools and libraries that provide support for building distributed systems and microservices-based applications. It offers features like service discovery, distributed configuration, and circuit breakers.

Q42. Explain the purpose of Spring Boot's @SpringBootApplication annotation.
Ans: The @SpringBootApplication annotation is a combination of @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan. It is used to enable auto-configuration and component scanning in a Spring Boot application.

Q43. How does Spring Boot handle externalised logging configuration?
Ans: Spring Boot allows you to configure logging using properties files (logback-spring.xml or logback.xml) or through application.properties (or application.yml) using specific logging properties.

Q44. What is Spring Cloud Config Server?
Ans: This is amongst the top Spring framework interview questions for experienced professionals. Spring Cloud Config Server is a component that provides a centralised configuration server for distributed applications. It allows applications to retrieve their configurations from a central source.

Q45. What is the purpose of Spring Boot's spring-boot-starter-parent POM?
Ans: The spring-boot-starter-parent POM provides default configurations and dependencies for Spring Boot applications. It simplifies project setup by inheriting commonly used settings.

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Q46. How does Spring Boot handle database transactions?
Ans: Spring Boot leverages Spring's transaction management capabilities. You can use @Transactional annotations or programmatic transaction management to define transactional behaviour.

Q47. Explain the purpose of Spring Boot's @SpringBootTest annotation.
Ans: The @SpringBootTest annotation is used in integration tests to load the entire Spring context. It allows testing of components in a real Spring environment. This is one of the most essential Spring interview questions for experienced professionals.

Q48. How does Spring Boot support building microservices?
Ans: Spring Boot provides a set of tools and libraries, along with features like service registration and discovery (with tools like Eureka), to facilitate the development of microservices-based applications.

Q49. What is Spring Boot's support for logging?
Ans: Spring Boot supports various logging frameworks like Logback, Log4j2, and Java Util Logging. It provides default configurations for easy setup and customisation.

Q50. How does Spring Boot manage application lifecycle events?
Ans: Spring Boot allows you to listen to application lifecycle events using ApplicationListener or by implementing SpringApplicationRunListener. This enables you to perform tasks at specific points in the application's lifecycle.

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Scope of Spring Framework

The Spring Framework offers immense career growth due to its widespread adoption in enterprise applications, fintech, e-commerce, and cloud computing. Professionals with Spring expertise can work as backend developers, software architects, or DevOps engineers, progressing to senior roles like Tech Lead or Principal Engineer

Spring Framework Scope: Top Job Profiles, Salary Trends and Recruiters

(Source: AmbitionBox)

Skills Needed for a Spring Framework Expert in MNCs

• Core Java & Advanced Java
• Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Spring Security
• RESTful APIs and Microservices Architecture
• Hibernate/JPA for Database Operations
• Cloud Platforms (AWS, Azure)
• Docker & Kubernetes (for DevOps roles)
• Problem-Solving & System Design

With these Spring framework interview questions and answers, one will be well-prepared for their upcoming interviews. These interview questions for Spring framework provide aspirants with the concepts and insights into this application framework essential to ace their interviews with confidence.