Design of Elevated Metro Viaducts using STAAD.Pro

Week 01- Introduction and Planning of Metro Viaducts

An introductory lecture on the present and future prospects of metro projects in India
Discussion on elevated and underground metro projects.
Design Basis Report
Planning of the metro viaduct
Challenges faced in design and at construction sites
Proposed solutions

Week 02 -Overview of Structural Components

An overview of all the structural components of the bridge – both the superstructure and the substructure.

Week 03 - Design of Prestressed Open Web Structures (Superstructure)

Design of Superstructure Components-Prestressed open web structures such as U-girders
Longitudinal analysis of prestressed open web structures such as U girders
Transverse analysis of prestressed open web structures such as U girders

Week 04 - Design of Prestressed I-Girders (Superstructure)

Design of superstructure components-prestressed I-girders
Longitudinal analysis of prestressed I-girders

Week 05 - Design of Prestressed I-Girders (Superstructure)

Transverse analysis of prestressed I-girders and design of slabs
Design of cross girders/diaphragms

Week 06 - Design of Bearings (Superstructure)

Design of superstructure component - bearings

Week 07 - Design of Prestressed Pier Caps (Substructure)

Design of substructure component – prestressed pier cap
Longitudinal analysis and design of prestressed pier caps
Comparison of RCC vs PSC

Week 08 - Design of RCC Pier Caps (Substructure)

Design of substructure component- RCC pier cap

Week 09 - Design of Pier (Substructure)

Design of substructure component - RCC pier

Week 10 - Design of Pile Cap

Design of pile cap

Week 11 - Design of Pile Foundation

Design of pile foundation

Week 12 - Design of Open Foundation & Design of Well Foundation

Design of open foundation
Design of well foundation

Analysis and Design of Buildings using STAAD.Pro - A Professional Approach

Week 1 - Introduction to Basics

User interface (UI) of the software
Types of structures
Material specifications
Support conditions
Design parameters
Analysis and post processing options available in STAAD.Pro

Week 2 - Modeling of RC Building

Steps involved in modelling, designing, and analysing RC structures
Structure’s framework
Structural elements

Week 3 - Input Generation

Material specifications
Assigning supports and constants
Design parameters of the model under study.
Analysis of buildings according to requirements

Week 4 - Load Generation

Load cases and load combinations
Load calculations
Dead load
Live load
Wind load
Applying calculated load to software models

Week 5 - Analysis of the Model

Complete analysis of the structure
Post-processing results
Interpretation of results
Extracting shear force diagram (SFD), bending moment diagram (BMD), reactions, and displacements for design purposes

Week 6 - Output Interpretation

Design of structural elements (slab, beam, column, and foundation) using STAAD.Pro
Verifying results with manual calculation sheets

Week 7 - Introduction to Steel Structures

Types of steel structures
Components in a steel building
Rafters
Purlins
Side wall and end wall girts
Column
Bay spacing
Cladding

Week 8 - Modelling of Steel Building

Study of a steel structure
Modelling the structure using the coordinate method

Week 9 - Input Generation

Input parameters according to specifications and standards.
Calculation of loads in a steel building using Microsoft Excel
Applying the calculated load on a model

Week 10 - Analysis of the Model

Input parameters
Design specifications
Analysis of structures

Week 11 - Result Interpretation

Interpretation of the output file generated
Extraction of results for each element in the building
BMD
SFD
Serviceability check

Week 12 - Documentation & Verification of the Output

Representing analysis in the form of documents and drawings
Factors to be considered when representing the design (Detailing drawing with cross section (C/S) and longitudinal section (L/S))
Cross-checking extracted results from software with manual calculations

Design of RCC and PSC Superstructures using LUSAS

Week 01 - Concrete design and bridge form selection

Use of concrete as a construction material
Theory behind the design principles for concrete
How concrete is used in bridges showcasing different forms?
Real-life examples
How to choose the appropriate form for a given site?

Week 02 - Design of RCC solid slabs

Basic form of concrete bridges
Distribution of moments and forces
Principle of effective width
Using hand calculations, design tools and computer-based analysis to analyse slabs
Calculating bending and shear resistance
Cantilever slabs and continuous multi-span slabs
Design of skew slabs

Week 03 - Design of RCC voided slabs and introduction to grillage modelling

Introducing voided slabs to the solid slab design
The analysis of complexities introduced by the inclusion of voids in the body of concrete
How grillage modelling can be used to tackle them
Transverse distortional effects experienced by these types of cross-section
How to design and detail voided slabs to tackle longitudinal bending and shear as well as transverse effects arising from distortion

Week 04 - Design of RCC ribbed slabs

Cast-in-situ bridges
Ribbed slabs
Examples of grillage modelling
How can it be used to evaluate these kinds of bridges?
Models of the shell and beam types will be displayed.
How do you design concrete T-sections with the right effective width?
Shear at the rib-slab interface
When is a cross beam required, and how are ribbed slabs built?

Week 05 - Design of PSC I Girders

The benefits of prestressing compared to mild reinforcement
Types of prestressing
Differences between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning
The distinction between bonded and non-bonded tendons
How can you utilise a stress-based computation to see if a structure is safe?
An overview of the brittle fracture principle
Using a variety of real-life instances
How can you tell if a structure is prone to brittle failure and what you can do to avoid it?
Long-term effects (creep, shrinkage and PT losses)

Week 06 - Design of PSC Box Girders

Design and detail concrete box girders
From U-beam bridges to straight and tapering multi-span bridges, there are many different types of structures.
Box girders are used in cable-supported bridges.
Effects of torsion and curvature
How to analyse these types of structures and consider the aforementioned effects?
Construction stage analysis

Week 07 - Introduction to strut and tie analysis and local effects

Why beam theory is not always applicable in concrete bridge design?
How to identify D (discontinuity) regions and draw appropriate strut and tie arrangements to capture their behaviour?
How to resolve a strut and tie model by hand and using a truss type computer analysis?
How can there be different strut and tie arrangements for the same problem and why some are better than others?
Examples of typical real-life problems and their most efficient solutions
Local effects such as bottlenecking, splitting, and multiaxial compression

Week 08- Design of bridge details using S&T analysis

Struct and tie modelling
The application in bridge design
Classic bridge details, namely monolithic connections, half-joints, bearing regions, PT anchorages, and stay-cable anchorages
The advanced uses of strut and tie modelling and how it can be applied in 3D

Week 09 - Portal frame bridges and integral bridges

Integral bridges, their advantages and limitations
The typical problems concerning integral bridges such as ratcheting behind abutment
Soil-structure interaction
How to design a basic portal frame bridge and how to detail the abutments of a longer span concrete bridge?

Week 10 - Composite plate girders and trusses

The application of concrete in composite bridges
Grillage analysis and slab design on composite structures
How to calculate elastic and plastic section properties using effective Young's modulus method?
How to perform basic structural checks of composite plate girder and truss bridges including design of shear studs?

Week 11 - Long terms effects

Long-term impacts, including creep, shrinkage, and prestress loss
How to calculate the attributes of a long-term segment
Moments in continuous prestressed bridges and composite girders are examples of creep and shrinkage creating parasitic effects.
Ranges of movement and calculations for the expansion joint specification
Movement and friction at bearings will be discussed as well.

Week 12 - Construction Stage Analysis

Various ways in which concrete structures can be constructed, e.g. cast-in-situ, launching and balanced cantilever construction
The design can often be governed by the construction schedule, and structures should always be verified in their temporary state

Mastering Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Week 1 - Introduction

Concepts of stress and strain
Important aspects of stress-strain curves of steel and concrete materials
Hooke’s law
Modulus of elasticity
Limit of proportionality
Yield stress
Proof stress
Fundamentals of equilibrium state
Types of equilibrium
Equilibrium equations
Beams and their various types

Week 2 - Analysis of Single Span Beams

Analysis approach for single-span beams
Types of loading
Uniform loading
Concentrated load
Linearly varying load
Determining the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beams
Sign convention used in the industry

Week 3 - Introduction to Methods of Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Beams and Analysis of Propped Cantilever Beams

Statically indeterminate beams
Different methods of analysis of statically indeterminate structures
Stiffness method
Force method
Equilibrium and deformation compatibility equations
Overview on Castigliano’s theorem for determining displacements
Determination of bending moment and shear force diagrams of a single span statically indeterminate beam
Analysis of propped cantilever beam subjected to uniform load and concentrated load

Week 4 - Introduction to Internal Hinges in Beams and Two Span Continuous Beams

Internal hinges in statically indeterminate beams along with real-life examples
Implications of internal hinges on bending moments
Analysis of single-span and two-span beams with internal hinge
Determining bending moment and shear force diagrams

Week 5 - Introduction to Influence Line Diagrams

Concept of influence line diagram and its applications
Influence lines of vertical reactions for a single span simply supported beam
Concept of moving loads
Determining absolute maximum bending moment in a beam due to a system of concentrated loads

Week 6 - Introduction to Muller Breslau’s principle

Müller-Breslau’s principle
Concept of load patterning
Application of Müller-Breslau’s principle
Determination of qualitatively maximum moment in midspan
Maximum moment over support
Maximum support reaction for multi-span beams

Week 7 - Introduction to Flexible Supports of Beams (springs)

Concept of flexible supports
Real-life examples of flexible supports
Importance of considering support’s flexibility in statically indeterminate beams
Analysis of two-span beam with one of the supports as spring
Significance of support flexibility by comparing the analytical findings to a two-span beam without flexible supports.

Week 8 - Introduction to Portal Frames

Portal frame structures
Various types of portal frames
Single storey single bay
Single storey two bays
Two storeys single bay
Two storeys two bays
Multi-storied multibay
Application of portal frames in real-life structures like steel and concrete buildings

Week 9 - Analysis of Single Storied Portal Frame Subjected to Gravity Load

Analysis of single-storey portal frame with fixed base subjected to concentrated load using slope deflection method
The concept of the sway of the portal frame due to gravity loads

Week 10 - Analysis of Single-Storey Portal Frame Subjected to Lateral Loads

Analysis of single-storey portal frame with fixed bases using slope deflection method

Week 11 - Approximate Methods of Analysis for Multi-Storey Portal Frames

Approximate methods of analysis of multi-storied portal frames using
Portal frame method
Cantilever method
Derivation of bending moment and shear force diagrams

Week 12 - Introduction to Modelling in ETABS

Overview of the ETABS software
Demonstration of ETABS analysis of single and multi-span beams.
Modeling flexible support in ETABS is demonstrated.
Demonstration of ETABS's analysis of single-story and multi-story portal frames under varied support situations.
Measuring sway deformation and lateral drifts in the portal frame.

Reinforced Cement Concrete Design

Week 01 - Structural systems, Properties of concrete & Properties of reinforcing steel

Objectives of structural design
Example of structural systems (different types of floor systems, vertical and lateral framing systems etc.)
Design codes
Basics of concrete mix proportions and unit weight.
Unconfined compressive strength of concrete (cylinder & cube)
Stress-strain curve for concrete and its characteristics modified Hognestad parabola)
Concrete stress-strain curve per IS 456:2000
Confined strength of concrete (overview)
Characteristic strength of concrete, the tensile strength of concrete
Shrinkage & creep
Properties of steel (stress v/s strain, Fe250/Fe415/Fe500)

Week 02 - Design Philosophies & Beam in Flexure (analysis)

Preview into WSM, Strength Design (ULM) and Limit State Design (LSD)
Two Limit States (serviceability & strength)
Characteristic loads and load safety factor
Design material strength
Building frame example [Load distribution from slab – beam-column – foundation]
Slabs in building
One-way slabs (behaviour and structural analysis)
Theory of flexure
Concept of the neutral axis
Failure modes of RC section (under-reinforced, over-reinforced & balanced section)
Moment of resistance

Week 03 - One-way slabs & Two-way slabs

Structural analysis and design of one-way slab
Reinforcement detailing for one-way slabs
Introduction to two-way slabs
Difference between one-way & two-way slabs
Analysis of two-way slabs
Effective span for two-way slabs
Design example (two-way slabs)
Reinforcement detailing in two-way slabs

Week 04 - Beams in Flexure

Introduction to reinforced concrete beams
Moment of resistance
Concept of flanged beams in buildings
Analysis of under-reinforced rectangular beams
Analysis of over-reinforced rectangular beams
Flanged beams (effective width and other
characteristics)
Analysis of flanged beams in flexure
Limiting percentage of steel in beams

Week 05 - Beams in Flexure

Analysis of T-Beam (design example)
Concept of doubly reinforced rectangular beam
Analysis of doubly reinforced beam

Week 06 - Beams in Flexure, Bond, development length and anchorage length

Structural analysis of beam in the building frame
Design of singly reinforced beam in the building frame
Reinforcement detailing of beams
Bond strength of concrete
Development length and anchorage length

Week 07 - Shear

Principal stress in beams
Modes of cracking
Shear transfer mechanism
Effect of reinforcement on shear failure
Nominal shear stress in the beam
Critical section for one-way shear
Shear strength without shear reinforcement
Shear strength of the slab
Shear strength with shear reinforcement
Reinforcement detailing of shear reinforcement
Design example

Week 08 - Torsion & Deep Beams

Torsion in structural members (compatibility torsion and equilibrium torsion)
Torsional reinforcement provisions per IS code
Torsional reinforcement detailing
Design example
Introduction to deep beams and design example

Week 09 - Columns

Tied columns and spiral column
Loading on columns
The effective length of the column (braced & unbraced length)
Effective length per IS 456
Slender and short columns, slenderness limits
Reinforcement detailing of columns
The design strength of short column under pure axial load

Week 10 - Columns

Short column subjected to axial load and uniaxial moment
Strain profile under axial load and varying eccentricities
Introduction to P-M interaction curve
Possible modes of failure of column
Generating P-M interaction curve (equations and design example)
Design of column subjected to axial load and uniaxial moment
Design of column subjected to axial load and biaxial moment
Use of design aids (SP 16) for column design

Week 11 - Foundations

Types of foundation (isolated, raft, combined, wall)
Bearing pressure under footing (due to axial load, axial load and uniaxial moment)
Design considerations (Bearing pressure, one-way shear, two-way shear and flexure)
Transfer of forces at column base: Bearing of concrete
Reinforcement detailing
Design example: Isolated, concentrically loaded footing
Design example: Isolated, eccentrically loaded footing

Week 12 - Foundations

Combined foundation (introduction and need for combined foundation)
Analysis of combined foundation
Design example: Combined foundation

Structural Design of Highrise Precast Buildings using ETABS

Week 01 - Basic Intro: Codes, Inputs, software

Precast concrete structures are distinguished from cast-in-place structures by their essential differences.
Structural design of G+15 precast building
Inputs required
Architectural plan of the buildings
Location of the building
Usage of the building
Substructure Information (soil capacity, subgrade modulus)
Slight brief about the structural codes to be used IS 456, IS 1893, IS 13920, IS 15916, PCI reference
Slight brief about the software to be used during the course

Week 02 - Concept Design

At a different level, work with the architectural plan and prepare the structural framing.
Recognize and establish the building's vertical load path.
Understand and establish the building's lateral load resisting system/stability system.
Understanding the structure's grounding of forces
Freeze the building's structural system's quality.
Prepare the structural frame drawings for all levels in order to prepare the analytical model.

Week 03 - Concept Design - Precast

Breaking down the structural parts into precast members that are possible
Understanding the fundamentals of various precast elements
The size criteria for various precast members
An overview of the different types of precast elements
Developing new structural plans in accordance with the precast structural scheme
Developing some rudimentary connection sketches at this stage

Week 04 - Force Calculation

Identifying all the forces considered for the analysis
Calculation of all the forces
The calculation for wind, snow, & earthquake loads
Basic understanding of IS 1893 (Static & Dynamic method)
Hand calculations showing seismic base shear
Additional stages to be taken for precast members: demolding, transportation, and erection

Week 05 - Load combinations, Strength & Serviceability parameters, Progressive collapse

Load combination as per IS 456 & IS 1893
Strength parameters for precast members
Serviceability parameters & checks for precast building
Introduction to Progressive collapse
Progressive collapse prevention system for the building
Introduction to horizontal & vertical ties

Week 06 - Analytical model of the precast building in ETABS

Setting up the analytical model
The geometry of the analytical model as per framing plans
Preliminary sizing of the structural members
Section properties of the structural members
Support parameters, connection parameters, and mass source
DBR preparation

Week 07 - Analytical model – Loading, connection parameters, foundation properties, and seismic inputs

Load application on the analytical model
Seismic load application on the analytical model
Wind load application
Mass source
Load combination
Limit state of strength & serviceability

Week 08 - Behavior of the analytical model

Checking the behaviour of the analytical model
The deflected shape under various load cases (dead, lateral)
Base reactions & uplifts
Story drifts & deflections
Connection forces in FEM design
The mode shapes & governing modes
The mode participation factors
Preliminary system run design of the members

Week 09 - Foundation design of the building & Precast element design

Detailed analysis for base reaction forces
Based on base reactions and soil qualities, a form of foundation is suggested
Create a foundation utilising SAFE and a raft reinforcement design
Additional checks for the foundation
Verifying the initially assumed sizes of the members
Detailed design of the precast elements
Design for reinforcement precast slabs (solid slabs, Hollow core slabs)
Design for precast reinforced beams & Columns
Design for precast concrete walls

Week 10 - Design of various precast elements

Additional inspections will be carried out during the lifting and transportation stages
Other design stages require connection and strengthening
Information on many sorts of structural elements in general
Slabs with hollow cores, filigree slabs, and balcony slabs, as well as their connections
Introduction to Prestressed structural members
Types of precast walls
Sandwich walls
Double walls
Battery walls
Cavity walls

Week 11 - Design of precast connections