Course Introduction

Introduction To the Course
Remaster in Progress
Video Quality
Subtitles
How to Get Help
Important Tip - Source Code

Install and Stepup

Python for Windows
Installing IntelliJ IDEA for Windows
Python for Mac
Install IntelliJ IDEA for Mac
Python for Linux
Install IntelliJ IDEA for Linux
Configuring IntelliJ IDEA - WINDOWS, MAC and LINUX

Stepping into the World of Python

Our First Python Program
Printing in Python
Printing text
Printing the result of a calculation
Strings in Python
The Escape Character
Printing tabs
More on Escape Characters in Strings
Variables and Types
Python is a Strongly Typed Language
Numeric Data Types in Python
Numeric Operators
Expressions
Integer division
Operator Precedence
The str String Data Type
Negative Indexing in Strings
Slicing
Slicing with Negative Numbers
Using a Step in a Slice
Slicing Backwards
Challenge Solution and Slicing Idioms
String Operators
String Replacement Fields
String Formatting
f-strings
Python 2 String Interpolation
Section Summary
The Basics of Python
- This short quiz will help to make sure you've understood the topics covered in this section.
- There are 10 questions, covering printing and performing simple calculations in Python.

Program Flow Control in Python

Introduction to Blocks and Statements
if Statements
elif
Using a Debugger in IntelliJ or Pycharm
More on if, elif and else
if, elif, and else in the Debugger
Using if with strings
Simple condition
Adding a Second Guess
Conditional Operators
Challenge Solution
Using and, or, in Conditions
Simplify Chained Comparison
Boolean Expression True and False
Truthy Values
in and not in
if Challenge
Solution to if Challenge
for loops
Stepping through a for loop
for loops Extracting Values from User Input
Extracting capitals
Iterating Over a Range
For loop
More About Ranges
For loop with step
Nested for loops
continue
break
Initialising Variables and None
while loops
More on while loops
Break in a while loop
Break
Continue
The Random Module and Import
Challenge Solution
Binary Search
Hi Lo Game
Pass Statement and Complete the Hi Lo Game
Testing the Hi Lo Game
Augmented Assignment
augmented assignment in a loop
PEP8: The Python Style Guide
Refactoring Code
else in a loop
else in the Hi Lo Game
Conditional Debugging
Another else Example
Section Summary and Challenge
Section Challenge Solution
Optional Extra Challenge Solution
Changing the Condition
Flow Control Quiz

Lists and Tuples

Introduction to Sequence Types
Lists
Immutable Objects
Mutable Objects
Binding Multiple Names to a List
Common Sequence Operations
Operations on Mutable Sequences
Appending to a List
Mini Challenge Solution
Iterating Over a List
The enumerate Function
Improving our Code
Adding items to lists
Removing Items from a List
Sorting Lists
Built-in Functions
Sorting Things
Case-Insensitive Sorting
Creating Lists
Replacing a slice
Deleting Items from a List
Safely removing values from a list
Removing the High Values
Test, Test and Test. Then Test Again!
Testing the Program
Removing Items from a List Backwards
The Reversed Function
Algorithms Performance
Summary so far
Nested Lists & Code Style
Processing Nested Lists
Solution to nospam Challenge
Function Signatures
print revisited
The join Method
The split Method
Solution to Mini Challenge
The Magical Adder
Tuples
Tuples are Immutable
Unpacking a Tuple
Practical uses for Unpacking Tuples
More Unpacking
Nested Tuples and Lists
Solution to Unpacking Challenge
Nesting Further
Nested Data Structures
Nested Indexing
Nested indexing
Simple Jukebox - Demonstration
Simple Jukebox - Importing Data
Simple Jukebox - The Code
Constants in Python
Finishing the Code
Challenge
Challenge Solution
Summary

Functions - An Introduction

Introduction
Defining a function
Program flow when calling a function
Parameters and arguments
Debugging with parameters
Palindromes
Palindrome challenge solution
Sentence challenge solution
Functions calling functions
Returning values
get_integer Challenge solution
Sum even or odd numbers in a range
Returning None
Functions that perform actions
Handling invalid arguments
width challenge solution
Default parameter values
Keyword arguments
Docstrings
Writing a Docstring
How professional is that!
Solution to Docstrings challenge
Fibonacci Numbers
Writing a fibonacci function
Function annotations and type hints
Function annotations with default values
Solution to banner_text Docstring challenge
A history lesson
Printing in colour
Running your program like a user
Windows Only - Installing pre-release version of colorama
colorama module and virtual environments
Activating a virtual environment
A function to test our HiLo game
Counting correct guesses
Fizz Buzz
Playing Fizz Buzz
Playing Fizz Buzz Solution
Factorial function
*args
colour_print with multiple arguments
Rules for variable number of arguments
Defining different parameter types
Variable number of arguments
Section Summary

Dictionaries and Sets

Introduction
What is a dictionary?
Iterating over a dictionary
Adding items to a dictionary
Changing values in a dictionary
Removing items from a dictionary
Using `in` with a dictionary
Dictionary menu challenge solution
Using a list with a dictionary
Adding items to a dictionary
Smart fridge
What's for tea?
Using several dictionaries together
Checking the pantry
Checking quantities - choosing a data structure
Checking quantities - the code
Solution: Create a shopping list challenge
Wrong decisions don't have to be fatal
The setdefault method
Character counter
APIs and a mobile phone demo
The `dict` documentation
The remaining `dict` methods
The dict `update` method
The dict `values` method
References to mutable objects
Shallow copy
Shallow copy step-by-step
Deep copy
Simple deep copy solution
Hash functions
A really bad hashing function
Hash tables
Completing our simple dictionary implementation
Hash functions and security
hashlib, the secure hash module
Introduction to Android-Tim
Introduction to sets
Python sets
Implications of sets being unordered
set membership
Testing set membership is fast
Adding items to a set
Using a set to remove duplicate values
Deleting items from a set
The `discard` method
The `remove` method
The `pop` method
set union
Set union in practice
Union update
Advantage of the set operation methods over the operators
Set intersection
Set intersection in practice
Intersection update
Set difference
Set difference in practice
Difference
Set symmetric difference
subsets and supersets
subsets and supersets in Python
Practical application of subsets and supersets
Summary
End of Remaster

Input and Output (I/O) in Python

Introduction to the Section
- Have an understanding on the various topics you will learn from this Input and Output section.
Reading and writing text files
- Get an understanding on the number of ways to read a file.
Writing Text Files
- Get an understanding on the number of ways to write a file.
Appending to Files and Challenge
- Understanding how to use the mode to append files as well as a challenge about it
Writing Binary Files Manually
- Have an understanding on how to write binary files in Python
Using Pickle To Write Binary Files
- Get to know Pickling in Python and how it is use to write binary files
Shelve
- Get an understanding on the alternative to Pickling and that is the Shelve module
Manipulating Data With Shelve
- Learn how to manipulate data in a file using the Shelve module
Updating With Shelve
- Go into understanding on how to update values stored in a shelve, a common way to increase performance and also tackle a problem that people often encounter in the shelve module
Shelve Challenge
- Learn how to get pass the errors when converting a Dictionary into a Shelve as well as go through the Shelve challenge
Challenge Continued
- Continuation of the Shelve challenge

Modules and Functions in Python

Introduction to the Section
- Have an understanding on what is going to be covered in this section on Module and Functions.
Modules and import
- Get an understanding on how Modules work and how importing works with it.
The standard Python library
- Get an understanding on the Python standard library
WebBrowser Module
Time and DateTime in Python
Time (Continued) and Challenge.
Timezones
Check Path In Windows
Check Path on a Mac
FAQ: Installing packages in IntelliJ IDEA and PyCharm
Installing the pytz module (Windows/Mac/Linux)
Using Timezones
More on Timezones
Timezone Challenge
Introduction to Tkinter
TkInter - Pack Geometry Manager
TkInter - Grid Geometry Manager
Advanced GUI Example Part 1
Advanced GUI Example Part 2
Advanced GUI Example Part 3
Tkinter Challenge
Functions in Python
Functions Part 2
Functions Part 3
Parabola - More on Functions
Scope in Functions
Fix Function and Draw Circles
Enhanced Circles and Challenge
Blackjack Setup
Load Cards
Deal Cards
Global Variables
Global Keyword
Test Blackjack Game
Blackjack Challenge
Importing Techniques
Underscores in Python code
Namespaces, more on Scope and Recursion
Recursion with OS Module and Filesystem and Nonlocal keyword
Nonlocal keyword, Free and LEGB

Object Oriented Python

Object Orientated Programming and Classes
Instances, Constructors, Self and more
Class Attributes
Methods Part 1
Methods Part 2
Non Public and Mangling
DocStrings and Raw Literals
Album class and More on DocStrings
Artist class and import Albums
Load data and Write Checkfile
Compare Files and Algorithm Flowcharts
Implement Revised Load_Data Algorithm
Write OOP Version
Getters and Properties
Remove Circular References Challenge
Getters and Setters
Data Attributes and Properties
Alternate Syntax for Properties
Inheritance
Subclasses and Overloading
Calling Super Methods
Changing Behavior of Methods
Overriding Methods
Inheritance Challenge
Polymorphism
Duck Test
Composition
Composition Continued
Test Code and Challenge
Aggregation

Using Databases in Python

Introduction to Databases
Database Terminology
Sqlite3 Install on Windows
Sqlite3 Install on a Mac
SQLite3 Install on Ubuntu Linux
Introduction to SQLite
More with SQL using SQLite
Querying data with Sqlite
Order by and Joins
More complex Joins
Wildcards and Views
Housekeeping and the Challenge
SQL in Python
Connections, Cursors and Transactions
SQL Injection Attacks
Placeholders and Parameter Substitution
Exceptions
Exceptions Challenge
Exceptions Continued
Raising Exceptions
More on Exceptions
Custom Exceptions
Rolling back Transactions
Adding Database code to the Account Class
GUI Database Editing Overview
Ultimate Edition Database View
Problems with Community Edition database plugin
Update Deposit and Withdrawal Methods
Displaying Time in Different Timezones
SQLite3 strftime Function
Challenge
Problems Storing Timezones
Rolling Back Transactions
Simple Database Browser
Scrollbars
Star Args
Kwargs
More on KWArgs
Scrollable Listbox
Populating a Listbox from a Database
Show Songs from Album
The DataListbox Class Code
Linking our DataListBoxes
Linking our DataListBoxes Continued
DataListbox Challenge

Generators, Comprehensions and Lambda Expressions

Introduction
Generators and Yield
Next and Ranges
Generator Examples - Fibonacci numbers and Calculating Pi
The os.walk Generator
Searching the Filesystem
Reading Mp3 Tags
List Comprehensions
List Comprehensions and Side-Effects
Challenge Solutions
Conditional Comprehensions
Conditional Expressions
Challenges
Challenge 1 Solution
Challenge 2 Solution
Nested Comprehensions
Nested Comprehensions Challenge
The timeit Module
More on timeit
timeit Continued and Challenge
timeit Challenge
Map Intro
Map Challenge Completion
The Filter Function
The Reduce Function
any and all
Named Tuples
any and all with Comprehensions

Big O notation

Big O notation
Big O tables and graphs
Bubble sort
Big O of Bubble sort, and an optimisation
Big O of our improved Bubble sort
Bubble sort optimisation
Best, worst and average cases
Big O summary

Course Remaster in Progress

Introduction
Files and directories
Introduction to the command prompt or terminal
Paths
Text files
Reading from a text file
Opening a file using `with`
read, readline and readlines
strip, lstrip and rstrip
removeprefix and removesuffix in Python 3.9
Parsing data in a text file
Working with text data
Solution to capital city challenge
Dictionary values with multiple keys
Printing data to a text file
Writing data to a text file
File modes
Unicode – a brief history
Unicode in Python
File encodings
Serializing data using JSON
Limitations of JSON
Practical application - parsing JSON data
Practical application - parsing JSON data from the internet

ARCHIVED - The Basics of Python

Your Programming Careers Questions Answered
Important Videos To Watch on Youtube
Introduction
- Have an understanding on what this section is going to offer in teaching you Python basics
Getting To Know Python
- This lecture is aimed at giving you a rundown on Python and its history (don't worry its not boring). You will learn how to create a project for the first time, how to make use of the print command to display information to the screen, as well as finding out what strings and operators are and how they work.
Printing text
Printing the result of a calculation
Understanding More About Python
- Let’s talk about getting input from the keyboard, and displaying the results, and then move on to the various ways to display output on a new line.
Printing tabs
Storing Items In Variables
- This lectures will discuss a fundamental concept in Python (and other programming languages). How to store items to be used in a program. You will understand what variables are and their purpose in Python. You will also understand more about operators, and how to make use of them. The operators we will discuss include +, - , *, / , and //.
Integer division
More About Variables And Strings
- Moving on with variables, we now discuss the importance of brackets for operator precedence, and how it can impact your calculations. You will also learn more about String variables, and the various ways of display them.
String Formatting - Displaying Numbers And Strings
- String formatting is another important concept in Python, and you will learn about it in this video. Specifically, what String formatting is, how to apply it in your code, and display Strings and numbers. You will also be introduce to replacement fields, which is important when it comes to printing out multiple strings and numbers.
Quiz: The Basics of Python
- This short quiz will help to make sure you've understood the topics covered in this section.

ARCHIVED - Program Flow Control in Python

Introduction
- Get and understanding on the various types of Program Flow Control lectures you will be tackling in this section
An Introduction To Program Flow Control
- Its time to discuss the basics of Program Flow Control. Namely, what it is and how its used, and how its an important basic fundamental in Python programming. You will also learn about indentation which is something not required in many other programming languages, and how using it incorrectly can prevent programs from working.
Test Conditions With If, ElIf & Else
- If, ElIf, and Else are important building blocks for Python programs. Here, we are going to discuss what they are used for, namely condition processing of your code, which is essential to creating any program of even minimal complexity.
Using if with strings
- This lectures continues where we left off with If, ElIf, and Else. This time we will use more complex versions and get to know the and and or operators.
More Advanced If, ElIf & Else Processing
Simple condition
Challenge - If Then Else
- This is a challenge lecture to better understand your knowledge of If, ElIf, and Else. As with all challenges in the course, try solving the challenge first, and then come back and see how we did it. The challenge involves creating a program that asks the user to enter the name and age and check if the age meets our requirements to take a holiday.
For Loops
- A for loop is use by programmers to execute a line or block of code a given number of times. You will learn what how to generate a for loop in Python.
For loop
Extending For Loops
- We move on to more advanced applications of for loops, such as printing out a sequence of strings. We also get to know about using step in your for loop and its usefulness.
Extracting capitals
For loop with step
Understanding Continue, Break And Else
- In some cases you may want to break out a for loop early. We are going to look at continue and break which are two ways to help control the flow of your Python program. Plus we are going to look at a second and separate use of Else that we have not seen previously.
Break
Continue
Augmented Assignment
- IntelliJ does a great job to warn us if our code has errors, but it also suggests if there are ways for the code to be improved. We will find out how to use the markers that show up on the right hand side of the screen to check for warnings in our code. We will also learn to use a short hand way to assign values to variables with a concept called Augmented Assignment.
augmented assignment in a loop
Challenge - Program Flow - Part 1
Challenge - Program Flow - Part 2
While Loops
- A for loop is only one type of loop. Another loop used in Python is the while loop, which is based on conditions you set, rather than executing a given number of times. You will learn about the while loop in this video
Challenge - While Loop
- This is a challenge for the while loop. The challenge consists of you developing a program that allows as many guesses of a number as possible and should the let the player know if the guess is higher or lower (its an advanced version of code we developed without a while loop previously).

ARCHIVED - Lists, Ranges & Tuples in Python

Introduction
- You are going to understand what the sections covers when it comes to the topic of Lists,Ranges and Tuples.
Lists In Python
- This lecture introduces you to the basic sequences in Python. Namely Lists, Ranges and Tuples. We will focus mainly on Lists here, what they are, how they work, and all about sequences. Plus we will start on sequence operators. We will even cover how to sort your lists simply and efficiently.
More About Lists
- This lecture continues the discussions on lists with an exercise on using the list function to print each and every single character of a string. We discuss some in-build options like setting reverse=true to reverse the sorting of elements in a list.
Challenge - Lists
- This is a challenge for lists, designed to test your understanding of them. You should come away after completing the challenge with a better understanding of lists.
Understanding Iterators
- Its time to discuss Iterators and Iterable Objects. We discuss the relationship of Strings and Lists with Iterators which should help you understand how useful they are and how to use them. There is also a mini challenge in this video as well.
Understanding and using Ranges
- Ranges are a useful addition to for loops. You will learn about Ranges here. Specifically, you will learn about having more fine control on what part of the sequence you want to process. In addition, you will understand what to do and importantly, what not do when using Ranges in your Python code. We finish with understanding Slices, what they are and how to implement them with ranges.
More About Ranges
- We continue on with Ranges from where we left them in the previous video. Lets look at understanding equality in ranges, as well as how to reverse a range in order. We also go through a mini challenge to test our understanding of Ranges.
Tuples
- This lecture focuses on tuples, what they are (an alternative to Lists), and how they are important if you want to have an immutable sequence (you will understand what that means as well). We will also discuss when to use a list, and when to use a tuple.
More On Tuples
- Continuing on with Tuples, here are will look at more advanced concepts. Specifically, how to put tuples within tuples. And we will finish off with a mini challenge where you will need to figure out how to use Tuples to print a music album's individual track details.
- Lists, Ranges and Tuples

ARCHIVED-The Binary number system explained

Introduction to the Section
- Have an understanding on what this section on Binary number system will cover.
Binary Basics
- An introduction to what Binary actually is
What is binary
- A deeper discussion on what Binary is and how to implement it.
Hexadecimal and Octal and the Challenge
- In this section you will get an understanding on how Hexadecimal and Octal relates to the Binary system as well as a challenge in the end

ARCHIVED-Python Dictionaries and Sets

Introduction to the Section
- Have an understanding on the various topics you will go through in this section.
Change in the ordering of dictionary keys
Python Dictionaries
- The part 1 to understanding dictionaries in Python
Dictionaries Part 2
- Part 2 to understanding dictionaries in Python
Dictionaries Part 3
- The final part to understanding dictionaries in Python
Dictionaries Challenge
- Tackle the 2 challenges for dictionaries
More on Dictionaries
- Get a more deeper understanding on Dictionaries
The Second Dictionary Challenge
- The second challenge for the Dictionaries topic
Sets
- Get to know about sets in Python and gain an understanding on how to use it.
Python Sets Part 2 and Challenge
- Continuation on the discussion on sets as well as a Python challenge all around it.