CPU Full Form
What is the full form of CPU?
The full form of the CPU is the “Central Processing Unit”. It is a computer system component consisting of the Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU). The CPU performs all the basic arithmetic and logical operations. The Control Unit in the CPU selects and retrieves a set of instructions sequentially from the main memory that is to be performed. Then, the input data is transferred to the Arithmetic and Logical Unit via the Memory Unit. The ALU performs the necessary operation and returns the output to the Memory Unit. It also helps in the communication of various components of the computer. It is also known as the Brain of the Computer.
Types of CPU
Transistor CPUs: These are more reliable, have higher speed and consume less power than previous CPUs.
Small-Scale Integration Computers: Transistors are interconnected in a compact space in these CPUs.
Large-Scale Integration Computers: In these CPUs, thousands of transistors are embedded in a single silicon semiconductor microchip.
Components of CPU
Control Unit: It moves and fetches data from one component and then decodes and executes instructions.
Arithmetic and Logical Unit: It transfers data between primary and secondary memory. It performs all arithmetic and logical operations.
Registers: They are high-speed memory and are used to store the data which is required during the processing of instructions/tasks like the address of the next instruction to be executed, the output of calculations, current instruction being decoded, etc.
Cache: This is high-speed RAM and it is used to store data and instructions temporarily for faster execution.
Buses: They are used to send control signals to the components from the processor. There are three types of buses used - Address Bus, Control Bus and Data Bus.
Clock: It is used to synchronize all components of the system.