EcoRI Full Form
What is the full form of EcoRI?
In the full form of EcoRI, E stands for Escherichia and co stands for coli and R stands for RY13, and I stands for “first-ever enzyme,” extracted from this strain. EcoRI is a type II restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA into specific pieces at particular sites having a 5'-GAATTC-3 sequence. It is achieved by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the target DNA’s phosphodiester bonds.EcoRI is typically co-crystallized, and the resolved structure reveals homodimer’s subunits communicate with DNA.
- What is the full form of EcoRI?
- Restriction enzymes are four types
- History of EcoRI
- Structure of EcoRI
- Uses of EcoRI
EcoRI has been used as a restriction enzyme in molecular biology.EcoRI generates four nucleotides with 5’end overhangs of AATT.
Restriction enzymes are proteins bacteria produce that cut the DNA at specific sites.
Restriction enzymes are four types
Type I: These restriction enzymes cut the DNA far from the recognition sequences
Type II: These enzymes cut at specific positions closer to or within the restriction sites.
Type III: These are multifunctional protein
History of EcoRI
EcoRI was discovered in the early 1970s in Herbert Boyer’s lab. Werner Arber, Hamilton, and Daniel Nathans received the 1978 Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine for this discovery.
Structure of EcoRI
Primary Structure:
The primary structure of EcoRI consists of 277 amino acids with a molecular weight of 30928.1 Dalton and an average molecular mass of 100 Dalton.
Secondary Structure:
The form of globular protein consists of alpha helices, beta sheets, and 3/10 helices. The 3/10 helices are inside the protein, And alpha helices are outside.EcoRI is 20% beta-sheet, 10% 3/10 helices, and more than 50% alpha helices.
Tertiary Structure:
The tertiary structure has only an alpha subunit that binds to one strand of DNA. It also includes Polar and Non-Polar residues with non-polar amino acids in the interior and Polar amino acids in the exterior.
Quaternary Structure:
Quaternary structure is a homodimer and is made up of several motifs. Met 137 to Ala 142 runs parallel to the backbone through the Major Grove of DNA.
Uses of EcoRI
It is used in molecular genetics techniques.
It is used in Cloning and DNA screening.
It is used to cut DNA before ligation as it generates sticky ends of DNA.