Chandigarh University (CUCET) 2025: Exam Date, Application Form (Started), Eligibility, Syllabus, Pattern, Cutoff

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 01

• Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 02

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 03

• Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships
• Group-1 and 2 elements: Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 04

• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group
• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-group wise study of the p-block elements
• Group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of diborane, aluminium chloride, and alums
• Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites
• Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotropic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, structures of oxides, and oxoacids of phosphorus
• Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid
• Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
• Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 05

• Transition elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour
• Transition elements: Catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration
• Transition elements: Inner transition elements lanthanides-oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 06

• Transition elements: Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Transition elements: Bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems)

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 01

• Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus
• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 02

• Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C- and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series
• Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism
• Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC) covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 03

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 04

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-craft’s alkylation, and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 05

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Alcohols, phenols, and ethers alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Ethers: Structure
• Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to > C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent
• Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic acids acidic strength and factors affecting it

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 06

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character
• Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 07

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Sets and their representation; union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; power set; relation, types of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one one, into and onto functions, composition of functions

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number
• Square root of a complex number

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants, and matrices of order two and three
• Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants
• Ad joint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations, test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of Binomial coefficients, and simple applications

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Arithmetic and geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers
• Relation between A.M. and G.M.

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Real valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions
• Limits, continuity and differentiability
• Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions
• Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two
• Rolle’s and lagrange’s mean value theorems

Mathematics: Unit 07

• Integral as an antiderivative
• Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions
• Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions
• Integration using trigonometric identities
• Evaluation of simple integrals of the type
• Integral as limit of a sum
• Properties of definite integrals
• Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form

Mathematics: Unit 08

• Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree
• Formation of differential equations
• Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous, and linear differential equations of the type: dy+ p (x) y = q (x)dx

Mathematics: Unit 09

• Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates 10 in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes
• Straight lines: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines
• Straight lines: Equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines
• Circles, conic sections: Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given
• Circles, conic sections: Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent

Mathematics: Unit 10

• Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines
• Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation
• Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines

Mathematics: Unit 11

• Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product

Mathematics: Unit 12

• Measures of dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data
• Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye’s theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials, and Binomial distribution

Mathematics: Unit 13

• Trigonometrical identities and equations
• Trigonometrical functions
• Inverse trigonometrical functions and their properties
• Heights and distances

Physics: Unit 01

• Frame of reference
• Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and vectors, vector addition, and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector
• Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Physics: Unit 02

• Force and inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum, Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications

Physics: Unit 03

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power
• Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Physics: Unit 04

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications

Physics: Unit 05

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential
• Escape velocity
• Orbital velocity of a satellite
• Geostationary satellites

Physics: Unit 06

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature
• Heat, work, and internal energy
• First law of thermodynamics
• Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes
• Carnot engine and its efficiency

Physics: Unit 07

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure
• Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro’s number

Physics: Unit 08

• Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM-kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave
• Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound

Physics: Unit 09

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators, dielectrics, and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 10

• Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance
• Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications

Physics: Unit 11

• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
• Para-, dia-, and ferro- magnetic substances
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets, and permanent magnets

Physics: Unit 12

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays)
• Applications of EM waves
• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens
• Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope, and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens’ principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle
• Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids

Physics: Unit 13

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation
• Davisson Germer experiment

Physics: Unit 14

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

English: Unit 01

• Agreement, time and tense, parallel construction, relative pronouns, determiners, prepositions, modals, adjectives, voice, transformation, question tags, phrasal verbs

English: Unit 02

• Synonyms, antonyms, odd word, one word, jumbled letters, homophones, spelling, contextual meaning, analogy

English: Unit 03

• Content/ ideas, vocabular, referents, idioms/ phrases, reconstruction (rewording)

English: Unit 04

• Rearrangement, paragraph unity, linkers/ connectives

Computer: Unit 01

• Evolution of computers; basics of computer and its operation: Functional components and their inter-connections, concept of booting, use of operating system for directory listing, hierarchical directory structure, renaming, deleting files/ folders
• Basics of computer and its operation: Formatting floppy, copying files, concepts of path and pathname, switching between tasks, installation/ removal of applications; internal storage encoding of characters: ASCII
• Internal storage encoding of characters: ISCII (Indian scripts standard code for information interchange), unicode; types of memory: Cache (L1, L2), buffer, RAM (DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDRAM), ROM (PROM, EPROM), access time; concepts of accumulator
• Concepts of instruction register and program counter

Computer: Unit 02

• Word processing: Word processing concepts-saving, closing, opening an existing document, selecting text, editing text, finding and replacing text, printing documents, creating and printing merged documents, character and paragraph formatting
• Word processing: Word processing concepts-page design and layout. Editing and profiling tools: Checking and correcting spellings. Handling graphics, creating tables, and charts, document templates and wizards
• Spreadsheet package: Spreadsheet concepts, creating, saving, and editing a workbook, inserting, deleting worksheets, entering data in a cell/ formula copying and moving from selected cells, handling operators in formulae, functions: Mathematical, logical
• Spreadsheet package: Functions-statistical, text, financial, date and time functions, using function wizard. Formatting a worksheet: Formatting cells-changing data alignment, changing date, number, character or currency format, changing font
• Spreadsheet package: Formatting a worksheet-adding borders and colors, printing worksheets, charts, and graphs-creating, previewing, modifying charts. Integrating word processor, spreadsheets, web pages

Computer: Unit 03

• WWW and web browsers: Web browsing software, surfing the internet, chatting on internet, basic of electronic mail, using emails, document handling, network definition, common terminologies: LAN, WAN, node, host, workstation, and bandwidth
• WWW and web browsers: Network components-severs, clients, communication media

Computer: Unit 04

• C++ character set, C++ tokens (identifiers, keywords, constants, operators), structure of a C++ program (include files, main function); header files-iostream.h, iomanip.h; cout, cin; use of I/ O operators (<< and >>), use of endl and setw ()
• Cascading of I/O operators, error messages; use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution; standard input/ output operations from C language: gets (), puts () of stdio.h header file

Computer: Unit 05

• Types of programming language and paradigms; Java-what, where, and why? platform independency; comparison in Java with C and C++; role of Java programmer in industry; Java evolution and history; features of Java language; the Java virtual machine (JVM)
• Java’s magic byte code; JDK, JRE, and JIT; data types; operators; control statements; arrays; enhanced for-loop; enumerated types; C-style formatted I/O; variable arguments

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 01

• Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 02

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 03

• Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships
• Group-1 and 2 elements: Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 04

• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group
• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-group wise study of the p-block elements
• Group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of diborane, aluminium chloride, and alums
• Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites
• Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotropic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, structures of oxides, and oxoacids of phosphorus
• Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid
• Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
• Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 05

• Transition elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour
• Transition elements: Catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration
• Transition elements: Inner transition elements lanthanides-oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 06

• Transition elements: Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Transition elements: Bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems)

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 01

• Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus
• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 02

• Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C- and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series
• Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism
• Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC) covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 03

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 04

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-craft’s alkylation, and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 05

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Alcohols, phenols, and ethers alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Ethers: Structure
• Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to > C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent
• Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic acids acidic strength and factors affecting it

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 06

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character
• Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 07

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Physics: Unit 01

• Frame of reference
• Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and vectors, vector addition, and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector
• Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Physics: Unit 02

• Force and inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum, Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications

Physics: Unit 03

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power
• Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Physics: Unit 04

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications

Physics: Unit 05

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential
• Escape velocity
• Orbital velocity of a satellite
• Geostationary satellites

Physics: Unit 06

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature
• Heat, work, and internal energy
• First law of thermodynamics
• Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes
• Carnot engine and its efficiency

Physics: Unit 07

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure
• Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro’s number

Physics: Unit 08

• Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM-kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave
• Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound

Physics: Unit 09

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators, dielectrics, and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 10

• Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance
• Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications

Physics: Unit 11

• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
• Para-, dia-, and ferro- magnetic substances
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets, and permanent magnets

Physics: Unit 12

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays)
• Applications of EM waves
• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens
• Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope, and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens’ principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle
• Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids

Physics: Unit 13

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation
• Davisson Germer experiment

Physics: Unit 14

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

English: Unit 01

• Agreement, time and tense, parallel construction, relative pronouns, determiners, prepositions, modals, adjectives, voice, transformation, question tags, phrasal verbs

English: Unit 02

• Synonyms, antonyms, odd word, one word, jumbled letters, homophones, spelling, contextual meaning, analogy

English: Unit 03

• Content/ ideas, vocabular, referents, idioms/ phrases, reconstruction (rewording)

English: Unit 04

• Rearrangement, paragraph unity, linkers/ connectives

Biology: Unit 01

• Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation
• Vegetative propagation in plants

Biology: Unit 02

• Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo
• Post fertilization events-development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation

Biology: Unit 03

• Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)

Biology: Unit 04

• Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 05

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance
• Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome
• Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes

Biology: Unit 06

• Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting

Biology: Unit 07

• Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 08

• Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS
• Adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse

Biology: Unit 09

• Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification, apiculture and animal husbandry

Biology: Unit 10

• In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio fertilizers
• Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Biology: Unit 11

• Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)

Biology: Unit 12

• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 13

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution

Biology: Unit 14

• Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal
• Ecosystems: Ecological services-oxygen release (in brief)

Biology: Unit 15

• Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

Biology: Unit 16

• Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation
• Any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s)

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 01

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 02

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 03

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 04

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 05

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 06

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 07

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 08

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 09

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 10

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 11

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 12

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 13

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 14

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 15

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 16

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 17

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 18

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 19

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 20

Quantitative aptitude: Unit 21

Logical reasoning: Unit 01

Logical reasoning: Unit 02

Logical reasoning: Unit 03

Logical reasoning: Unit 04

Logical reasoning: Unit 05

Logical reasoning: Unit 06

Logical reasoning: Unit 07

Logical reasoning: Unit 08

Logical reasoning: Unit 09

Logical reasoning: Unit 10

Logical reasoning: Unit 11

Logical reasoning: Unit 12

Logical reasoning: Unit 13

Logical reasoning: Unit 14

Logical reasoning: Unit 15

Logical reasoning: Unit 16

Logical reasoning: Unit 17

Logical reasoning: Unit 18

Logical reasoning: Unit 19

Logical reasoning: Unit 20

Logical reasoning: Unit 21

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 01

• Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 02

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 03

• Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships
• Group-1 and 2 elements: Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 04

• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group
• Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-group wise study of the p-block elements
• Group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of diborane, aluminium chloride, and alums
• Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites
• Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotropic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, structures of oxides, and oxoacids of phosphorus
• Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid
• Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens
• Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 05

• Transition elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour
• Transition elements: Catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration
• Transition elements: Inner transition elements lanthanides-oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states

Chemistry (inorganic chemistry): Unit 06

• Transition elements: Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism
• Transition elements: Bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems)

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 01

• Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens
• Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus
• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 02

• Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C- and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series
• Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism
• Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC) covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles
• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 03

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 04

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
• Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
• Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization
• Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; polymerization
• Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-craft’s alkylation, and acylation

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 05

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Alcohols, phenols, and ethers alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• Ethers: Structure
• Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to > C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent
• Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic acids acidic strength and factors affecting it

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 06

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character
• Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry (organic chemistry): Unit 07

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples
• Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples
• Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Physics: Unit 01

• Frame of reference
• Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and vectors, vector addition, and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector
• Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

Physics: Unit 02

• Force and inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum, Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications

Physics: Unit 03

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power
• Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

Physics: Unit 04

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications

Physics: Unit 05

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential
• Escape velocity
• Orbital velocity of a satellite
• Geostationary satellites

Physics: Unit 06

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature
• Heat, work, and internal energy
• First law of thermodynamics
• Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes
• Carnot engine and its efficiency

Physics: Unit 07

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure
• Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro’s number

Physics: Unit 08

• Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM-kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave
• Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound

Physics: Unit 09

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators, dielectrics, and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 10

• Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance
• Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications

Physics: Unit 11

• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Cyclotron
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
• Para-, dia-, and ferro- magnetic substances
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets, and permanent magnets

Physics: Unit 12

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays)
• Applications of EM waves
• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens
• Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope, and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens’ principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle
• Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarization, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids

Physics: Unit 13

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation
• Davisson Germer experiment

Physics: Unit 14

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

English: Unit 01

• Agreement, time and tense, parallel construction, relative pronouns, determiners, prepositions, modals, adjectives, voice, transformation, question tags, phrasal verbs

English: Unit 02

• Synonyms, antonyms, odd word, one word, jumbled letters, homophones, spelling, contextual meaning, analogy

English: Unit 03

• Content/ ideas, vocabular, referents, idioms/ phrases, reconstruction (rewording)

English: Unit 04

• Rearrangement, paragraph unity, linkers/ connectives

Biology: Unit 01

• Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation
• Vegetative propagation in plants

Biology: Unit 02

• Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo
• Post fertilization events-development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation

Biology: Unit 03

• Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)

Biology: Unit 04

• Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 05

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance
• Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome
• Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes

Biology: Unit 06

• Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting

Biology: Unit 07

• Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 08

• Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS
• Adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse

Biology: Unit 09

• Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification, apiculture and animal husbandry

Biology: Unit 10

• In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio fertilizers
• Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Biology: Unit 11

• Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)

Biology: Unit 12

• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 13

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution

Biology: Unit 14

• Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal
• Ecosystems: Ecological services-oxygen release (in brief)

Biology: Unit 15

• Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

Biology: Unit 16

• Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation
• Any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s)