Hello,

If you pursue B.Tech in Computer Science without studying 11th and 12th with PCM (Physics, Chemistry, and Math), you might need to cover some foundational topics along with your regular coursework. Here's a list of topics you might need to focus on:

1. Mathematics :

   • Basic algebra, calculus, and discrete mathematics
   • Linear algebra, probability, and statistics
   • Mathematical logic and set theory

2. Physics :

   • Basics of mechanics, electricity, and magnetism
   • Concepts of waves, optics, and thermodynamics

3. Programming :

   • Introduction to programming (C, Python, Java)
   • Data structures and algorithms
   • Object-oriented programming (OOP)

4. Computer Architecture :

   • Basic concepts of hardware, digital electronics, and computer organization

5. Electronics :

   • Understanding of circuits and components, useful in hardware-related subjects

6. Problem-Solving :

   • Algorithm design and optimization techniques

You may need to seek remedial resources or additional courses to bridge the gaps in foundational subjects.

Hope it helps !

The exact topics for the 12th science practicals in Physics, Mathematics, and Biology for 2025 may vary slightly depending on the specific board or educational institution. However, there are some common and important topics that are likely to be included:

Physics:

• Electricity and Magnetism:
• Optics
• Modern physics

Mathematics:

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Statistics and probability

Biology:

• Cell Biology
• Genetics
• Ecology

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and the actual topics may vary depending on the specific board or institution. It is always advisable to consult with your teacher or refer to the official syllabus for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Hello,

The UP Board Class 12 Political Science (English medium) syllabus for the 2024-25 academic session is the same as before, centered around Indian politics, international relations, and modern global problems. Relevant topics include Contemporary World Politics and Politics in India Since Independence.

No official announcements have been made about adding or deleting the primary topics this year. The structure of the syllabus itself remains mostly parallel to the NCERT framework and maintains its analytical and theoretical approach to political science.

You may download the updated syllabus directly from resources such as the Career360 guide for better comprehension.

Hello,

The scenario you're describing involves using combined results from two different boards (Uttarakhand Board and NIOS) to increase your overall percentage. Here’s a detailed response about the validity and acceptance of such combined marks:

1. Understanding Combined Mark Sheets : You completed your Intermediate (Class 12) from the Uttarakhand Board with 47%, and then improved your marks in Hindi and English through NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling). This is sometimes done by students to improve their total percentage by retaking exams in specific subjects.

2. Validity of Combining Marks :

   • Recognition of NIOS : NIOS is a legitimate board of education in India and is recognized by the government. Its certifications are valid for higher education and jobs.
   • Combining Marks : If you are applying for jobs or higher education, using combined scores from two different boards to show an improved overall percentage can be complicated. Some institutions and employers may accept this as valid, but it typically depends on their specific criteria and policies.

3. Proof and Documentation :

   • To prove that your combined percentage is valid, you should be able to present both mark sheets (Uttarakhand Board and NIOS) along with an explanation that you improved your scores through NIOS.
   • Some authorities might require a consolidated mark sheet. It’s important to check with the institutions or employers if they accept combined scores from two separate mark sheets.
   • Ensure that all documents, including your NIOS certificate, are properly attested and recognized.

4. Job Applications and Acceptance :

   • Government Jobs : Many government organizations have strict guidelines regarding educational qualifications and may only accept mark sheets issued by a single board. You would need to check specific job eligibility criteria.
   • Private Sector and Universities : Some private employers and educational institutions may be more flexible and accept combined scores, as long as they are properly documented and recognized.

5. Next Steps :

   • Verification : Reach out to potential employers or educational institutions to confirm if they accept the combined results.
   • Documentation : Keep certified copies of both mark sheets and be prepared to explain the situation.
   • Seeking Guidance : Contacting a career counselor or an educational board representative for formal advice can help clarify specific requirements for jobs or further education.

In summary, while combining scores from two different boards is possible and recognized by some institutions, it may not be universally accepted. Always verify with the specific organization where you are applying.

Hope it helps !

Hello aspirant,

Following are some high weightage chapters of chemistry for JEE MAINS:

Physical Chemistry (Stoichiometry, Chemical Equilibrium, Thermodynamics), Inorganic Chemistry (s-Block, p-Block elements), Organic Chemistry (Reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Benzene).

For more information please visit the following link:

https://engineering.careers360.com/articles/jee-main-syllabus-weightage

Thank you

Hope it helps you

The JEE Main 2025 Chemistry syllabus is extensive, covering a wide range of topics. Here's a brief overview:

Physical Chemistry:

• States of Matter: Gases, Liquids, Solids
• Thermodynamics: First Law, Second Law, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy
• Equilibrium: Ionic Equilibrium, Acid-Base Equilibrium, Solubility Product
• Electrochemistry: Electrolysis, Conductance, Batteries
• Chemical Kinetics: Rate Laws, Order, Molecularity, Arrhenius Equation
• Surface Chemistry: Adsorption, Colloids

Inorganic Chemistry:

• Periodic Classification of Elements: Periodic Trends, Groups, Periods
• General Principles of Metallurgy: Extraction of Metals, Refining
• Hydrogen: Preparation, Properties, Compounds
• s-Block Elements: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals
• p-Block Elements: Groups 13-18 (Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogens, Noble Gases)
• d-Block Elements: Transition Metals, Coordination Compounds
• f-Block Elements: Lanthanoids, Actinoids

Organic Chemistry:

• Basic Concepts: Isomerism, Nomenclature, Bonding
• Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: Reactions, Properties
• Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers: Reactions, Properties
• Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids: Reactions, Properties
• Amines: Reactions, Properties
• Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids
• Polymers: Types, Properties
• Chemistry in Everyday Life: Drugs, Soaps, Detergents

This is a general outline. For a more detailed syllabus, refer to the official JEE Main information brochure.

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Hy,

Preparing for an M.Sc. Chemistry entrance exam involves covering a range of topics from undergraduate chemistry that are fundamental to advanced studies.

1. Physical Chemistry

• Thermodynamics : First and second laws of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, chemical potential, phase equilibria, and van der Waals equation.
• Chemical Kinetics : Rate laws, reaction mechanisms, activation energy, Arrhenius equation, and catalyst.
• Quantum Chemistry : Schrödinger equation, atomic orbitals, quantum numbers, and molecular orbital theory.
• Electrochemistry : Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, standard electrode potentials, and corrosion.
• Statistical Thermodynamics : Partition functions, Boltzmann distribution, and entropy.

2. Inorganic Chemistry

• Coordination Chemistry : Ligands, coordination numbers, crystal field theory, and isomerism in coordination compounds.
• Organometallic Chemistry : Structure and bonding in organometallic compounds, reactivity, and applications.
• Bioinorganic Chemistry : Role of metal ions in biological systems, metalloproteins, and metalloenzymes.
• Solid State Chemistry : Crystal systems, lattice structures, and defects in solids.
• Transition Metal Chemistry : Properties and applications of transition metals, electronic configurations, and oxidation states.

3. Organic Chemistry

• Reaction Mechanisms : Nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, radical reactions, and rearrangements.
• Stereochemistry : Isomerism, chirality, and stereoisomers (enantiomers and diastereomers).
• Organic Synthesis : Synthetic methods, retrosynthetic analysis, and reactions of functional groups.
• Spectroscopy : UV-Vis, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry for structural determination.
• Functional Groups : Properties and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives.

4. Analytical Chemistry

• Chromatography : Techniques such as TLC, column chromatography, and HPLC.
• Spectroscopic Techniques : Principles and applications of UV-Vis, IR, NMR, and MS.
• Electroanalytical Methods : Principles of voltammetry, polarography, and potentiometry.

5. General Chemistry

• Chemical Bonding : Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds; bond theory and hybridization.
• Solution Chemistry : Concentrations, colligative properties, and pH calculations.
• Periodic Table : Trends in the periodic table, periodic properties, and group chemistry.

6. Mathematical Chemistry

• Calculations : Stoichiometry, equilibrium constants, and reaction rates.
• Data Analysis : Error analysis, statistical methods, and graphical representation of data.

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