Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Initiative

Initiative in management principles encourages employees to take the initiative, be proactive, and seek opportunities for growth and development. It involves empowering employees to make decisions and take actions to contribute to the organization's success. This principle aligns with fostering a culture of employee empowerment and allowing them to be proactive in their roles.

Correct Answer: would have looked

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

The correct form for expressing the hypothetical situation of Adyasha not actually wearing ethnic apparel is "would have looked". This adheres to the general rule of the third conditional structure, where "would have" is followed by the past participle form of the main verb i.e., "looked".

Therefore, the correct sentence is: Adyasha would have looked gorgeous in ethnic apparel.

Correct Answer: Guiding and motivating employees to achieve organizational goals
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Guiding and motivating employees to achieve organizational goals

Leading is the management function that focuses on inspiring, guiding, and motivating employees to work toward the achievement of the organization's objectives. It involves creating a positive work environment, communicating a clear vision, and supporting and developing employees to help them reach their full potential. Leading specifically focuses on influencing and motivating people within the organization to contribute to its success.

Correct Answer: Indirect Distribution

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Indirect Distribution. 

Indirect distribution involves utilizing intermediaries, such as wholesalers, retailers, or agents, to sell products to consumers. In this case, ABC Apparel is utilizing wholesalers, retailers, and online platforms (which often involve intermediaries in the form of e-commerce platforms) to distribute their clothing products. The involvement of intermediaries in the distribution process makes it an example of indirect distribution.

Correct Answer: Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance

Controlling in management involves setting performance standards or benchmarks, measuring actual performance against these standards, and taking corrective actions as necessary to ensure that the organization's objectives are being met. It focuses on monitoring and regulating various activities and processes to maintain performance within established parameters. While guiding and motivating employees , allocating resources and assigning tasks , and monitoring and evaluating employee performance are important aspects of management, they are not the primary components of the controlling function.

Correct Answer: Setting organizational goals and strategies

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Setting organizational goals and strategies

Planning in management involves defining the organization's goals and objectives, and determining the strategies and actions necessary to achieve them. In the context of a retail business like ABC Retailers, this would include setting goals related to providing a wide range of trendy clothing options and achieving specific financial and operational objectives, and then creating strategies to realize those goals.

Correct Answer: Allocating resources and assigning tasks

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Allocating resources and assigning tasks

Organizing in management is the process of arranging resources (such as human resources, finances, and physical assets) and assigning tasks and responsibilities to achieve the organization's objectives efficiently and effectively. This function involves creating a structure, coordinating activities, and ensuring that resources are utilized in a way that aligns with the organization's goals. Guiding and motivating employees is part of the leading function, setting performance standards is related to the controlling function, and monitoring employee performance is also part of the controlling function.

Correct Answer: Coordinate activities within departments

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Coordinate activities within departments

Middle-level management plays a key role in coordinating activities within specific departments or units of the organization. They bridge the gap between top management (which focuses on developing long-term strategies and policies) and lower-level management (which oversees day-to-day operations and executes plans and policies). Middle-level managers are responsible for ensuring that the activities in their departments align with the overall goals and strategies set by top management while also coordinating and managing the resources and efforts of their teams.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Initiative

Initiative in management principles encourages employees to take the initiative, be proactive, and seek opportunities for growth and development. It involves empowering employees to take on new responsibilities, learn and develop new skills, and contribute to the organization's success beyond their basic job requirements. This principle aligns with the idea of fostering a culture of continuous learning and improvement within the organization.

Correct Answer: Allocating resources and assigning tasks

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Allocating resources and assigning tasks

Organizing in management is the process of arranging resources (such as human resources, finances, and physical assets) and assigning tasks and responsibilities to achieve the organization's objectives efficiently and effectively. This function involves creating a structure, coordinating activities, and ensuring that resources are utilized in a way that aligns with the organization's goals. Guiding and motivating employees is part of the leading function, setting performance standards is related to the controlling function, and monitoring employee performance is also part of the controlling function.