Correct Answer: 5 : 4

Solution : Percentage of money spent on education = 12%
Percentage of money spent on housing = 15%
Money spent on an item is directly proportional to its percentage in the given pie chart.
So, required ratio = 15 : 12 = 5 : 4
Hence, the correct answer is 5 : 4.

Correct Answer: Introduction of the English education system

Solution : One of the impacts of colonialism on Indian society was the introduction of the English education system, which aimed at creating a class of people who were Indian in blood and color but English in taste and intellect.

Correct Answer: Promote sanitation and cleanliness

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Promote sanitation and cleanliness.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, also known as the Clean India Campaign or Clean India Mission, is a nationwide cleanliness drive launched by the Government of India in 2014. Its primary objective is to promote sanitation, cleanliness, and hygiene practices across the country. The campaign aims to achieve an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by constructing toilets and promoting the use of sanitary facilities. It also emphasizes the proper disposal of waste, encouraging cleanliness in public spaces, and raising awareness about the importance of hygiene and sanitation for overall well-being. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is an important initiative in addressing issues related to sanitation, improving public health, and creating a cleaner environment in India.

Correct Answer: It enhances the knowledge and skills of individuals.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) It enhances the knowledge and skills of individuals. 

Education plays a vital role in developing and improving human capital, which refers to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and attributes that individuals possess and contribute to their productivity and potential economic contribution.

Through education, individuals acquire knowledge, learn new skills, develop critical thinking abilities, and gain a broader understanding of the world. Education equips individuals with the necessary tools to adapt to changing circumstances, engage in lifelong learning, and contribute effectively to the workforce and society.

Investments in education can lead to several benefits for individuals and societies. It enhances employability, increases productivity, and improves earning potential for individuals. Education also contributes to social mobility, reduces poverty, promotes social inclusion, and fosters economic growth and development.

Correct Answer: Address social discrimination

Solution : A key goal of non-electoral Dalit movements in India is to address social discrimination, as these movements focus on challenging caste-based inequalities and advocating for the rights and dignity of Dalit communities.

Correct Answer: Creating a class of English-educated Indians

Solution : The spread of modern education in India during the British period was aimed at creating a class of English-educated Indians who would serve the administrative needs of the colonial government.

Correct Answer: Social security benefits

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Social security benefits

Transfer payments refer to payments made by the government to individuals, households, or other entities without the expectation of receiving goods or services in return.

Social security benefits are a type of transfer payment provided by the government to support individuals who are retired, disabled, or otherwise eligible for specific social security programs. These benefits are typically intended to provide income support and financial assistance to eligible individuals or households.

Transfer payments are a significant component of government budgets, and they often include other types of payments such as welfare benefits, unemployment compensation, pensions, and subsidies to individuals or businesses. These payments aim to redistribute income, provide social support, or address specific economic or social needs within society.

Correct Answer: said

Solution : The third option is correct.

Said is the best fit here because it indicates the act of speaking, which is what Elena Lenskaya did during the 1992 U.S. congressional hearing. It's a neutral term that accurately represents the action of speaking.

The meanings of the other options are as follows:

• Told implies giving information or instructions to someone directly.
• Ordered means commanding or instructing someone with authority.
• Muted means silenced or made quieter.

Therefore, the correct answer is said.

Correct Answer: Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK).

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is an institution in India that provides training and education to farmers on modern agricultural practices. KVKs are agricultural extension centers established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to bridge the gap between scientists and farmers. They serve as knowledge and resource centers for disseminating agricultural technologies and providing training and education to farmers, rural youth, and other stakeholders.

KVKs conduct various capacity-building programs and demonstrations to promote the adoption of improved agricultural practices, crop diversification, integrated pest management, soil health management, water conservation techniques, and other sustainable farming methods. They also provide technical guidance, organize field days, farmer-scientist interactions, and disseminate information through publications and workshops.

KVKs play a crucial role in enhancing the knowledge and skills of farmers, empowering them to make informed decisions and adopt modern agricultural practices. They contribute to the overall agricultural development and rural empowerment in India.

Correct Answer: Reinforcing caste prejudices

Solution : The process of Sanskritisation in India is often criticized for reinforcing caste prejudices, as it involves the emulation of upper-caste practices by lower castes, perpetuating the hierarchical structure of the caste system.