Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. They had been left to drown in a basket on the Tiber River by a king of a nearby region and were rescued by a she-wolf. The twins lived to defeat that king and founded their city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named after him. A line of Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.
Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. Rome has now turned from a monarchy into a republic.
The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders-in-chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were largely the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables—and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights, and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil laws. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate.
Question:
What is the passage mainly about?
Option 1: The Republic of Rome
Option 2: The history of Rome
Option 3: The Roman code of law
Option 4: Roman myths and legends
Correct Answer: The history of Rome
Solution : The correct choice is the second option.
Explanation: It covers the founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus, the transition from a monarchy to a republic, the role of consuls, the creation of the Roman law code (the Twelve Tables), and the shift of political power to the Senate. While it does touch upon Roman myths and legends regarding the city's foundation, the primary focus is on the historical events that shaped Rome's governance and societal structure over time.
Therefore, the correct answer is the history of Rome.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labor, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survived, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field survey), for example, buildings, monuments and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, and even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!
Question:
Documentary sources of the history of the Roman Empire include:
Option 1: inscriptions
Option 2: pottery
Option 3: sermons
Option 4: landscapes
Correct Answer: inscriptions
Solution : The first option is correct.
- Let's have a look at the 7th sentence from the given paragraph:
- "Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri."
- Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that inscriptions are included in the documentary sources of the history of the Roman Empire.
Hence, the correct answer is inscriptions.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labor, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survived, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field surveys), for example, buildings, monuments, and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, and even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!
Question:
Much of the economy in the Roman empire was run on:
Option 1: slave labour
Option 2: scholars
Option 3: women
Option 4: archaeologists
Correct Answer: slave labour
Solution : The first option is correct.
- Let's have a look at the second sentence from the given paragraph:
- "The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; that women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labour, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons."
- Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that much of the economy in the Roman Empire was run on slave labour.
Hence, the correct answer is slave labour.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. They had been left to drown in a basket on the Tiber River by a king of a nearby region and were rescued by a she-wolf. The twins lived to defeat that king and founded their city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named after him. A line of Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.
Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. Rome has now turned from a monarchy into a republic.
The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders-in-chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were largely the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables—and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights, and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil laws. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate.
Question:
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Option 1: Elected magistrates served as commanders-in-chief.
Option 2: Consuls were elected every two years by the people.
Option 3: Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome.
Option 4: Twelve Tables is the Roman code of law.
Correct Answer: Consuls were elected every two years by the people.
Solution : The correct choice is the second option.
Explanation: The correct statement, as mentioned in the passage, is that the magistrates called consuls were elected annually, not every two years. The passage specifies that these consuls were elected on an annual basis to serve as commanders-in-chief, which contrasts with the incorrect statement implying a two-year election cycle.
Therefore, the correct answer is that consuls were elected every two years by the people.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labor, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survive, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field survey), for example, buildings, monuments and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!
Question:
Which of these statements is NOT true?
Option 1: Texts, documents and material remains were the main sources for the historians.
Option 2: Inscriptions were carved in Greek and Latin.
Option 3: Archaeologists make discoveries through excavations.
Option 4: The Roman empire flourished longer in the west
Correct Answer: The Roman empire flourished longer in the west
Solution : The fourth option is correct.
- Let's have a look at the third sentence from the given paragraph:
- "From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half."
- Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the Roman empire flourished longer in the eastern half and not in the west.
Hence, the correct sentence is "the Roman Empire flourished longer in the west."
Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The concept of motivation focuses on explaining what 'moves' behaviour. In fact, the term (1)_______ is derived from the Latin word 'movere', referring to movement of activity. Most of our everyday explanation of (2)________ is given in terms of motives. Motives also help in making (3)__________ about behaviour. A person will work hard in school, in sports, in business, in music, and in many other situations, if he/she has a very strong need for (4)__________. Hence, motives are the general states that enable us to make predictions about behaviour in many different situations. In other words, motivation is one of the (5)_________ of behaviour. Instincts, drives, needs, goals, and incentives come under the broad cluster of motivation.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number (1).
Option 1: psychology
Option 2: human behaviour
Option 3: instinct
Option 4: motivation
Correct Answer: motivation
Solution : The correct answer is the fourth option.
The term "motivation" is derived from the Latin word "movere", which means movement or activity. In the context of the passage, the blank asks for a term related to the concept of motivation, and "motivation" itself fits this context well.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. They had been left to drown in a basket on the Tiber River by a king of a nearby region and were rescued by a she-wolf. The twins lived to defeat that king and founded their city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named after him. A line of Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.
Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. Rome has now turned from a monarchy into a republic.
The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders-in-chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were largely the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables—and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights, and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil laws. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate.
Question:
Rome became a republic in _____.
Option 1: 509 B.C.
Option 2: 450 B.C.
Option 3: 753 B.C.
Option 4: 300 B.C.
Correct Answer: 509 B.C.
Solution : The correct choice is the first option.
Explanation: The passage explicitly states: "Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king," signifying the transition from a monarchy to a republic. This date marks the shift in Rome's governance from a monarchy ruled by kings to a republic, where power shifted to elected magistrates and the Senate.
Therefore, the correct answer is: that Rome became a republic in 509 B.C.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. They had been left to drown in a basket on the Tiber River by a king of a nearby region and were rescued by a she-wolf. The twins lived to defeat that king and founded their own city on the river's banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named after him. A line of Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.
Rome's era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. Rome has now turned from a monarchy into a republic.
The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders-in-chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were largely the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets-known as the Twelve Tables—and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights, and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil laws. By around 300 B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate.
Question:
Lucius Tarquinius was overthrown because he was a:
Option 1: descendent of Romulus
Option 2: cruel monarch
Option 3: generous ruler
Option 4: non-hereditary king
Correct Answer: cruel monarch
Solution : The correct choice is the second option.
Explanation: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown because he was a cruel monarch. The passage highlights that ancient historians portrayed him as cruel and tyrannical, especially when compared to his benevolent predecessors. This negative portrayal likely contributed to his overthrow, marking the end of Rome's era as a monarchy and the transition into a republic.
Therefore, the correct answer is, cruel monarch.
Question : The "Act East" policy of India focuses on strengthening economic and strategic ties with which region?
Option 1: Europe
Option 2: North America
Option 3: East Asia
Option 4: Latin America
Correct Answer: East Asia
Solution : The correct answer is (c) East Asia.
The "Act East" policy, which was formerly known as the "Look East" policy, is an important foreign policy initiative of the Government of India. It aims to enhance engagement with countries in the East Asian region, including Southeast Asia and East Asia.
The policy seeks to deepen economic cooperation, expand trade and investment, promote cultural exchanges, and strengthen strategic partnerships with countries in East Asia. It recognizes the growing significance of the East Asian region in global affairs and aims to leverage the economic dynamism and geopolitical importance of this region for India's benefit.
Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The concept of motivation focuses on explaining what 'moves' behaviour. In fact, the term (1)_______ is derived from the Latin word 'movere', referring to the movement of activity. Most of our everyday explanation of (2)________ is given in terms of motives. Motives also help in making (3)__________ about behaviour. A person will work hard in school, in sports, in business, in music, and in many other situations, if he/she has a very strong need for (4)__________. Hence, motives are the general states that enable us to make predictions about behaviour in many different situations. In other words, motivation is one of the (5)_________ of behaviour. Instincts, drives, needs, goals, and incentives come under the broad cluster of motivation.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number (5).
Option 1: meaning
Option 2: causes
Option 3: ways
Option 4: determinants
Correct Answer: determinants
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
"Determinants" is the appropriate choice. It means a factor or cause that makes something happen or leads directly to a decision. It helps convey that motivation is one of the factors on which behaviour depends.