Correct Answer: Newton's third law of motion

Solution : The correct option is Newton's third law of motion.

Newton's third rule of motion, which states that there is an equal and opposite reaction to every action, causes a cannon to recoil when it fires. A projectile is fired from a cannon by firing a high-velocity stream of gas created by the ignition of gunpowder or another propellant. This motion also generates an equal and opposite reaction force, driving the cannon backwards by Newton's third law.

Correct Answer: Avogadro’s law

Solution : The correct answer is Avogadro's law.

Avogadro's law, named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

This law implies that the molar volume of any ideal gas is the same under the same temperature and pressure conditions. It played a crucial role in developing the mole concept and understanding the behaviour of gases.

Correct Answer: The Philosophical School

Solution : The correct answer is The Philosophical School.

The Natural Law School, the Analytical School, the Historical School, the Comparative School and the Sociological School are the five main schools of modern jurisprudence. The first three differ primarily in how they perceive the nature, history, and relationship between ethics and law. According to William O. Douglas, an associate justice of the US Supreme Court, the Philosophical School is the oldest.

Correct Answer: Supply creates its own demand
    

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Supply creates its own demand

Say's Law, named after the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say, posits that the production and supply of goods and services in an economy generate enough income and purchasing power to ensure that all goods produced are eventually bought and consumed. According to this principle, the act of supplying goods creates the necessary demand for those goods.

In other words, the production and sale of goods and services generate income for workers, which enables them to purchase other goods and services. This circular flow of income ensures that the supply of goods creates its own demand.

Say's Law challenges the idea that there can be a general overproduction or oversupply of goods in an economy. It suggests that as long as resources are allocated efficiently and markets are allowed to function freely, supply will naturally create sufficient demand for all produced goods.

Correct Answer: Newton's third law

Solution : The correct option is Newton's third law.

When a hammer is used to drive a nail into a wooden block that is not resting against a support, both the block and the nail advance. However, if the block is tightly pressed up against a support when the nail is struck, the support also reacts in kind, driving the nail deeper into the block.
 

Correct Answer: Rule of Law, Regulatory Efficiency, Inflation, Foreign direct investment

Solution : The correct answer is the Rule of Law, Regulatory Efficiency, Inflation, and Foreign direct investment.

The "four freedoms"—freedom of movement of people, capital, goods, and services—are the focus of the single market. This is accomplished through a set of uniform laws and regulations that every member state of the EU is required by law to abide by. People are free to work, produce, consume, and invest however they want in a society where the economy is free.

Correct Answer: Isaac Newton

Solution : The correct option is Isaac Newton.

Sir Isaac Newton developed the law of gravitation. The following equation describes this fundamental law: F=G.m¹m²/ r² where F is the gravitational force between two objects, G is the gravitational constant, m¹, and m² are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centres. 

Correct Answer: Attorney General of India

Solution : The correct answer is Attorney General of India.

In India, the highest-ranking law authority is the Attorney General. The attorney general is identified as India's top legal authority under Article 76 of Part V of the Constitution. He advises the union government on all legal problems and takes pride in holding the title of principal legal counsellor to the Indian Government.

Correct Answer: Chief Justice Marshal

Solution : A company is a person, artificial, invisible, intangible, and existing only in the eyes of law. Being a mere creation of law, it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence’ This definition is given by Chief Justice Marshal.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Answer: The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them.

Solution : The excerpt "The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them" reflects the importance of secularism in the Indian Constitution. It emphasizes the principle of non-discrimination and equality before the law, which are essential components of a secular state.