Correct Answer: Marketing Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Marketing Concept.

The Marketing Concept is a customer-centric approach that centers on understanding and meeting customer needs and wants effectively. It emphasizes building long-term relationships with customers by delivering superior value and customer satisfaction. The primary focus is on understanding customer preferences, creating products or services that address those preferences, and ensuring that customers perceive value in what is offered. The ultimate goal is to satisfy customers while achieving the company's objectives through value creation and strong customer relationships.

Correct Answer: Societal Marketing Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Societal Marketing Concept.

The Societal Marketing Concept is a marketing philosophy that extends the principles of the Marketing Concept to include a focus on the long-term well-being of both customers and society as a whole. It emphasizes delivering value to customers while also addressing broader social and environmental concerns. This approach aims to balance the company's objectives with the well-being of the community and environment, seeking to create a positive impact through marketing activities, which aligns with the company's commitment to environmental sustainability and ethical business practices.

Correct Answer: Selling Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Selling Concept.

The Selling Concept is a marketing philosophy that emphasizes aggressive sales techniques and promotional efforts to convince customers to buy a company's products or services. It focuses on achieving short-term sales goals and transactions rather than building long-term customer relationships. The primary goal is to sell what the company produces, often with less consideration for long-term customer satisfaction or relationship-building.

Correct Answer: Product Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Product Concept.

The Product Concept is a marketing philosophy that centers on creating high-quality products with distinctive features, attributes, and benefits. The primary emphasis is on the product itself, striving to offer features and benefits that differentiate the product from competitors and meet or exceed customer expectations. The goal is to provide a product that customers perceive as exceptional and desirable, positioning it as the best choice in the market.

Correct Answer: Societal Marketing Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Societal Marketing Concept.

The Societal Marketing Concept is a marketing philosophy that expands upon the Marketing Concept by emphasizing not only meeting customer needs and organizational goals but also considering the broader societal well-being. It advocates for ethical and socially responsible marketing practices, taking into account the long-term welfare of customers and society at large. This approach aims to balance the company's objectives with the well-being of the community and environment, seeking to create a positive impact through marketing activities.

Correct Answer: habit and reason

Solution : The fourth option is the correct choice.

Aristotle believed that virtuous citizens could be produced by cultivating habit and reason.

Explanation:
In the passage, it is mentioned that Aristotle considered human nature, habit, and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education. Aristotle's educational philosophy emphasised the development of good habits (habit) and the cultivation of rational thinking (reason) as crucial elements in shaping individuals into virtuous citizens.

Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. The marketing concept is a marketing management philosophy that focuses on understanding and satisfying customer needs and wants, rather than simply selling what the company makes. It prioritizes customer satisfaction and long-term relationships.

The reason is false. The reason incorrectly suggests that the marketing concept is primarily about selling what the company makes. In fact, the marketing concept is about identifying and meeting customer needs effectively, aligning products and services accordingly, and creating value for customers.

In summary, the assertion is true, but the reason is not an accurate explanation of the assertion.

Correct Answer: Selling Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Selling Concept.

The Selling Concept is a marketing philosophy that emphasizes aggressive sales techniques and promotional efforts to convince customers to buy a company's products or services. It focuses on achieving short-term sales goals and transactions rather than building long-term customer relationships. The primary goal is to sell what the company produces, often with less consideration for long-term customer satisfaction or relationship-building.

Correct Answer: skills

Solution : The correct choice is the third option.

In the given sentence, the term "education" is described as involving the teaching and learning of specialised skills. This suggests that the focus of education is on imparting and acquiring specific abilities or expertise.

The meanings of the other words are:

• Codes: This refers to a system of symbols or rules used to represent information or communicate instructions.
• Norms: This refers to accepted standards or patterns of behaviour that are considered typical within a particular social group or culture.
• Branches: This refers to divisions or subdivisions of a subject or field of study, often representing different aspects or specialisations.

Therefore, the complete sentence would be: "Education is defined as the teaching and learning of specialised skills."

Correct Answer: Selling Concept

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Selling Concept.

The Selling Concept is a marketing philosophy that emphasizes aggressive sales techniques and promotional efforts to convince customers to buy a company's products or services. The belief underlying this concept is that customers typically won't buy enough on their own, so a company must use various selling and promotional tactics to stimulate demand and close sales. It's a more product-focused approach, and the primary goal is to sell what the company produces rather than understanding and meeting customer needs, which is a central focus of the Marketing Concept.