Correct Answer: Measurable and specific goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Measurable and specific goals

Effective planning involves setting clear, measurable, and specific goals. Measurable and specific goals provide a clear direction for the organization, facilitate decision-making, and allow for objective assessment of progress. In the context of introducing new co-curricular activities, having specific and measurable goals will help PQR Educational Institute track the success of the implementation and ensure alignment with the overall organizational objectives.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. India has indeed witnessed a gradual decline in its population growth rate in recent years. This decline can be observed through various demographic indicators, such as declining fertility rates and increasing contraceptive usage.

The reason provided is also true. Government initiatives, including family planning programs, have played a significant role in contributing to the decrease in the fertility rate in India. These programs aim to provide information, education, and access to family planning services and contraceptives. By promoting awareness and enabling individuals to make informed choices about family size and reproduction, these initiatives have helped reduce the fertility rate in the country.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why the population growth rate in India is declining over the years.

Correct Answer: Training and development

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Training and development

When XYZ Ltd. conducts a series of leadership workshops and assessments to identify potential leaders within the organization, it is indicative of the training and development aspect of staffing. This process is focused on enhancing the skills and capabilities of individuals to prepare them for leadership roles. Leadership workshops and assessments are common methods used in training and development programs aimed at nurturing and grooming employees for future leadership positions.

Correct Answer: Primary market
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Primary market

When PQR Inc. considers issuing bonds to fund the acquisition of the pharmaceutical company, this activity is associated with the primary market. The primary market is where new securities, such as bonds or stocks, are issued and sold directly by the issuing company or entity to investors. In this case, PQR Inc. would be issuing bonds for the first time to raise capital specifically for funding the acquisition, making it a primary market activity.

Correct Answer: Constituent Assembly

Solution : The correct answer is Constituent Assembly.

The Indian Constitution, the longest of any sovereign nation in the world, provides a comprehensive framework to guide and govern the country, keeping in view her social, cultural, and religious diversity. Writing a constitution for an independent India was the reason the Constituent Assembly was established. It was a multi-member body. The members of the Constituent Assembly were selected from the provincial legislatures in 1945–1946 rather than being elected using the universal adult franchise.

Correct Answer: By allowing conversion into equity shares

Solution : The correct answer is (c) By allowing conversion into equity shares

Convertible preference shares grant the shareholder the right to convert these shares into equity shares at a predetermined conversion ratio and within a specified time frame. This allows the preference shareholders to become equity shareholders and participate in the ownership and growth of the company. It provides flexibility to the shareholders while potentially leading to an increase in equity capital for the company if the conversion option is exercised. This is a common way for companies to raise funds while attracting investors. Options a, b, and d are not accurate methods for raising funds through convertible preference shares.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false.
   

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is true. Financial planning indeed plays a pivotal role in effective resource allocation within a business. It involves allocating financial resources optimally to various activities and functions to achieve the company's objectives efficiently.

Statement 2 is false. Financial planning is not limited to focusing on production activities. It encompasses a broader scope, including planning for all financial aspects of the business, such as investment, financing, budgeting, risk management, and overall financial strategy. Production activities are just one component of the overall financial planning process.

Correct Answer: Tactical plan
  

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Tactical plan

A tactical plan is specifically focused on the detailed actions and steps required to implement strategies outlined in a broader strategic plan. In this case, PQR Educational Institute would likely start with a strategic plan that outlines the long-term goals and vision for enhancing students' overall development through co-curricular activities. The tactical plan would then provide the specifics on how to execute those strategies, including the who, what, when, and where of implementing the new activities.

Correct Answer: Corporate bonds

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Corporate bonds

Corporate bonds are debt securities issued by corporations, such as XYZ Corporation. They come with a fixed interest rate and a specified maturity period (in this case, 10 years). Investors who purchase corporate bonds receive regular interest payments (fixed interest rate) and, upon maturity, receive the face value of the bond. This option aligns with the scenario where XYZ Corporation is issuing bonds with a fixed interest rate and 10-year maturity period to fund its renewable energy projects.

Correct Answer: Mergers and acquisitions

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions involve the consolidation of companies or the purchase of one company by another, leading to the integration of operations and assets. In this case, PQR Inc. is planning to acquire a pharmaceutical company to diversify its business operations, which is a classic example of a merger or acquisition to expand and diversify their business portfolio.