Correct Answer: Measurable and specific goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Measurable and specific goals

Effective planning involves setting clear, measurable, and specific goals. Measurable and specific goals provide a clear direction for the organization, facilitate decision-making, and allow for objective assessment of progress. In the context of improving production processes, having specific and measurable goals will help XYZ Manufacturing Company track success and ensure alignment with the overall organizational objectives.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is correct. The selling concept does aim to increase short-term sales through aggressive promotional strategies and high-pressure sales techniques. Its focus is on achieving immediate sales rather than long-term customer satisfaction.

Statement 2 is false. The marketing concept does not disregard customer preferences; in fact, it emphasizes understanding and fulfilling customer preferences. The marketing concept is customer-oriented and aims to deliver value to customers based on their needs and preferences.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. The marketing concept does indeed aim to achieve long-term customer loyalty and satisfaction. It emphasizes building strong and lasting relationships with customers by understanding and fulfilling their needs and preferences.

The reason is false. The marketing concept does not solely focus on short-term sales targets. While achieving sales is a part of marketing, the primary focus is on long-term customer satisfaction and loyalty. Marketing is about creating sustained customer relationships and meeting customer needs in the long run.

In summary, the assertion is true, but the reason is false. The marketing concept is more concerned with long-term customer relationships and satisfaction rather than just short-term sales targets.

Correct Answer: Sale of the crop at a very poor price

Solution : Distress sales: For fear of spoiling or settling a looming debt, farmers are frequently forced to sell their produce at low prices due to a lack of agricultural marketing infrastructure.
Hence option d is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: Status
 

Solution : Status relationship creates psychological distance between superior and his subordinates.
Hence, Option A is correct.

Correct Answer: Discounts

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Discounts. 

Providing a discount to university students who show their student IDs is a common way to stimulate sales and attract a specific target market—students in this case. Discounts involve reducing the regular price of a product or service, encouraging customers to make a purchase due to the perceived cost savings. Trade shows, premiums, and trade allowances are different sales promotion techniques involving distinct strategies and incentives.

Correct Answer: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Sales promotion is a marketing strategy that involves offering incentives to consumers to encourage them to purchase a product or service. This can include discounts, coupons, contests, and other types of promotions.

Sales promotion techniques are designed to influence consumer behavior and increase sales in the short term. They can be used to attract new customers, encourage repeat purchases, and boost sales of slow-moving products.

The assertion in the question is false, but the reason is true. Sales promotion does include discounts, coupons, and contests to attract consumers.

Correct Answer: 12 times

Solution : Answer = 12 times

Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of goods sold/Average Inventory

$\begin{gathered}\Rightarrow \quad 4,80,000 /40,000 \\ =12 \text { times }\end{gathered}$

Cost of goods sold = Sales - G.P

$x=6,00,000-\frac{x}{4}$

$\begin{aligned} 5 x & =6,00,000 \times 4 \\ x & =4,80,000\end{aligned}$

Cost of goods sold = 4,80,000

Average Inventory 

$\begin{aligned} & =\frac{28000+58000}{2} \\ & =80,000 / 2 \\ & =40,000\end{aligned}$
Hence, the correct option is 4.

Correct Answer: Rs 22,000

Solution : Answer = Rs 22,000

A's Share of Profit
= $\frac{60,000}{4,00,000}\times 3,30,000 = 49500\times\frac{4}{9}$
= $22000$
Hence, the correct option is 4.