Question : Directions: Study the following bar graph and answer the question. The bar graph gives the annual rates of inflation in percentage for 1975 and 1987.
Comparing the figures for the USA vis-à-vis the developed nations, it can be concluded that:
Option 1: USA had better control of inflation
Option 2: Developed nations had better control of inflation
Option 3: The inflation rate continues to be the same for the USA and developed nations
Option 4: No conclusions can be drawn
Correct Answer: Developed nations had better control of inflation
Solution : For the Developed nations,
The change in the rate of inflation in the developed nations = $\frac{14.2-11.8}{11.8}×100$
The change in the rate of inflation in the developed nations = 20.34%
For the USA,
The change in the rate of inflation in the USA = $\frac{12.7-10.3}{10.3}×100$
The change in the rate of inflation in the USA = 23.3%
Hence, the correct answer is 'Developed nations had better control of inflation'.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.
The severe cyclonic storm, Nisarga, which made landfall south of Alibag in Maharashtra’s Raigad district on Wednesday at 11.30 a.m. is an indication of an increasing frequency of severe cyclones developing in the Arabian Sea in the past decade, a trend that studies have linked to climate change. In the past two years, there have been seven cyclones in the Arabian Sea, though, according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the ratio of cyclones in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal — which just witnessed the destructive cyclone Amphan on May 21 — is 1:4. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) last year came out with a special report, Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, in which it said that extreme rainfall and extreme sea level events associated with some tropical cyclones are being seen to have a cascading impact on coastal areas.
“There is emerging evidence for an increase in the annual global proportion of Category 4 or 5 tropical cyclones in recent decades,” the IPCC report had said. A category 4 cyclone has a wind speed of 209-251 kmph, and is referred to as an extremely severe cyclonic storm, while a category 5 cyclone has a wind speed of more than 252 kmph, and is referred to as a super cyclone. The IPCC report refers to a 2017 study led by the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, USA, which found that in 2014 and 2015, post-monsoon extremely severe cyclonic storms (ESCS) were first observed over the Arabian Sea causing widespread damage.
The study had concluded that climate change had led to an increase in the occurrence of ESCSs in the Arabian Sea.“Our research suggests that cyclones would be more frequent during the post-monsoon season (October-December) by a series of climate model simulations. However, we didn’t find any significant changes in cyclone activity during the pre-monsoon (April-June) season through the climate simulations. It is very difficult to identify if a cyclone (like Nisarga) is generated in line with climate change,” said Hiroyuki Murakami, the lead author of the study. “Coastal hazards will be exacerbated by an increase in the average intensity, magnitude of storm surge, rising mean sea levels and precipitation rates of tropical cyclones,” the IPCC report further stated.
Question:
The hazards in coastal areas worsen due to the increase in which of the following?
a. Precipitation rate of the cyclone
b. Magnitude of storm
c. The rise of sea level
Option 1: Only a and c are true
Option 2: Only b and c are true
Option 3: Only a and b are true
Option 4: a, b and c all are true
Correct Answer: a, b and c all are true
Solution : The right choice is the fourth option.
The passage mentions that coastal hazards will be exacerbated by an increase in average intensity, storm surge magnitude, rising sea levels, and precipitation rates of tropical cyclones. The appropriate causes were:
- Precipitation rate of the cyclone: More rainfall leads to flooding.
- Magnitude of storm surge - Higher storm surges can cause more coastal flooding and damage.
- The rise of sea level: Higher sea levels can lead to more significant coastal erosion and flooding.
Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The saving of certain wild animals from extinction (1)__________ many years been a problem for zoologists and other specialists, but more recently, the problem has become so (2)_________ and has received so much publicity that most people are now (3)__________ about it. This may at first seem strange because one of the most gratifying developments of the last few years has been the passing of strict laws to protect wild animals and the (4)___________ decline in the hunting of big-game for sport. Why is it then that some rare wild animals are still (5)__________ with extinction, and even some of the less rare ones are rapidly declining in number?
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 1.
Option 1: has for
Option 2: had for
Option 3: is for
Option 4: was of
Correct Answer: has for
Solution : The most appropriate option is the first option.
Explanation: "The saving of certain wild animals from extinction has for many years been a problem." This choice implies that over an extended period (many years), the issue of saving wild animals from extinction has existed. In this sentence, the use of "has for" correctly signifies the ongoing nature of the problem of saving wild animals from extinction over many years.
Therefore, the correct answer is, has for.
Question : What is the value of a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab – 2bc + 2ca?
Option 1: (2a + b + c)2
Option 2: (a – b + c)2
Option 3: (a – b – 2c)2
Option 4: (a + 2b – c)2
Correct Answer: (a – b + c)2
Solution : We know that (x + y + z)2 = (x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx)
Comparing the RHS of the above formula with the given expression, we get:
x = a, y = –b, and z = c
So, a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab – 2bc + 2ca = (a – b + c)2
Hence, the correct answer is (a – b + c)2.
Question : $\triangle \mathrm{XYZ} \sim \triangle \mathrm{GST}$ and $\mathrm{XY}: \mathrm{GS}=2: 3, \mathrm{XV}$ is the median to the side $\mathrm{YZ}$, and $\mathrm{GD}$ is the median to the side ST. The value of $\left(\frac{\mathrm{YV}}{\mathrm{SD}}\right)^2$ is:
Option 1: $\frac{4}{9}$
Option 2: $\frac{3}{5}$
Option 3: $\frac{1}{4}$
Option 4: $\frac{2}{3}$
Correct Answer: $\frac{4}{9}$
Solution :
Given: $\Delta \mathrm{XYZ} \sim \Delta \mathrm{GST}$
$\left(\frac{\mathrm{YV}}{\mathrm{SD}}\right)=\left(\frac{\mathrm{XY}}{\mathrm{GS}}\right)$
$\therefore\left(\frac{\mathrm{YV}}{\mathrm{SD}}\right)^2=\left(\frac{\mathrm{XY}}{\mathrm{GS}}\right)^2=\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{3}}\right)^2=\frac{4}{9}$
Hence, the correct answer is $\frac{4}{9}$.
Question : Which waterway provides connectivity with mainland India through the India-Bangladesh Protocol route?
Option 1: NW-10
Option 2: NW-15
Option 3: NW-2
Option 4: NW-83
Correct Answer: NW-2
Solution : The correct answer is NW-2.
NW-2 is the most significant canal in India's North-East region. It also connects to mainland India via the Indo-Bangladesh Protocol, relieving congestion on the Siliguri Corridor (the sole direct link between mainland India and the North East). The canal is active, with permanent jetties in Pandu and Dhubri and floating jetties at eleven sites.
Question : Directions: Which two signs should be interchanged to make the given equation correct?
625 ÷ 25 + 7 × 318 – 112 = 381
Option 1: – and +
Option 2: ÷ and +
Option 3: ÷ and –
Option 4: + and ×
Correct Answer: + and ×
Solution : Given:
625 ÷ 25 + 7 × 318 – 112 = 381
Replace the given symbols in the options one by one with the original symbols in the given equation.
First option: – and +
= 625 ÷ 25 – 7 × 318 + 112
= 25 – 7 × 318 + 112
= 25 – 2226 + 112
= 137 – 2226
= –2089 ≠ 381
Second option: ÷ and +
= 625 + 25 ÷ 7 × 318 – 112
= 625 + 3.57 × 318 – 112
= 625 + 1135.26 – 112
= 1760.26 – 112
= 1648.26 ≠ 381
Third option: ÷ and –
= 625 – 25 + 7 × 318 ÷ 112
= 625 – 25 + 7 × 2.84
= 625 – 25 + 19.88
= 644.88 – 25
= 619.88 ≠ 381
Fourth option: + and ×
= 625 ÷ 25 × 7 + 318 – 112
= 25 × 7 + 318 – 112
= 175 + 318 – 112
= 493 – 112
= 381
So, only the fourth option satisfies the R.H.S. of the given equation. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
Question : The early Turkish rulers ruled between_____________ years over Delhi.
Option 1: 1165 and 1198
Option 2: 1226 and 1290
Option 3: 1206 and 1290
Option 4: 1192 and 1225
Correct Answer: 1206 and 1290
Solution : The correct options are 1206 and 1290.
The term "Delhi Sultanate" describes a group of five Muslim kingdoms that spent 320 years primarily centred in Delhi. The first Sultan of Delhi was Qutb ud-Din Aibak, who ruled from 1206 until 1290 under the Early Turkish Dynasty.
Question : To go a distance of 144 km upstream, a rower takes 12 hours while it takes her only 9 hours to row the same distance downstream. What is the speed of the stream?
Option 1: 3 km/hr
Option 2: 1 km/hr
Option 3: 1.5 km/hr
Option 4: 2 km/hr
Correct Answer: 2 km/hr
Solution : Given: Distance = 144 km
And the time taken to row upstream = 12 hours
And the time taken to row downstream = 9 hours
So, speed of boat in upstream = $\frac{144}{12}$ = 12 km/hr
And speed of boat in downstream = $\frac{144}{9}$ = 16 km/hr
Let x be the speed of the boat in still water and y be the speed of the stream.
So, the speed of the boat in upstream = x – y
⇒ x – y = 12-----------(i)
And the speed of the boat in downstream = x + y
⇒ x + y = 16------------(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get:
2y = 4
$\therefore$ y = 2 km/hr
Hence, the correct answer is 2 km/hr.
Question : If $A+B=90^{\circ}$ and $\sin A=\frac{3}{5}$, then the value of $\tan B$ is:
Option 1: $\frac{4}{3}$
Option 2: $\frac{5}{4}$
Option 3: $\frac{3}{4}$
Option 4: $\frac{5}{3}$
Correct Answer: $\frac{4}{3}$
Solution : Given: $A+B=90^{\circ}$ and $\sin A=\frac{3}{5}$
$\sin A=\frac{3}{5}=\frac{\text{Perpendicular}}{Hypotenuse}$
Let, Perpendicular = $3k$ and Hypotenuse = $5k$ --------------[where, $k$ is constant]
⇒ Base = $\sqrt{(5k)^{2}–(3k)^{2}}$
⇒ Base = $4k$
$\tan A=\frac{\text{Perpendicular}}{Base}$
⇒ $\tan A=\frac{3k}{4k}$
⇒ $\tan (90°–B)=\frac{3}{4}$
⇒ $\cot B=\frac{3}{4}$
⇒ $\tan B=\frac{4}{3}$
Hence, the correct answer is $\frac{4}{3}$.