MPEG Full Form

What is the full form of MPEG?

MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group. MPEG is defined as a group of working experts established by ISO( International Organisation for Standardisation) & the IEC( International Electrotechnical Commission) to determine video or audio encrypting and transmitting specifications.

History of MPEG

MPEG was first launched by Leonardo Chiariglione & Hiroshi Yasuda in January 1988. The headmost conference was arranged in May 1988, in Ottawa, Canada. Several of MPEG’s released interpretations which involved are listed below.
• MPEG-1 Edition
• MPEG- 2 Edition
• MPEG-4 Edition
• MPEG-7 Edition
• MPEG- 21 Edition, etc.

The function of MPEG

1. MPEG have storing audio in Compact discs ( CD).
2. Storing of videos on digital videotape.

Working principles of MPEG

MPEG uses an algorithm where the information is packed into small bits, speedily transmitted, decompressed, and decoded using Discrete Cosine Transform. MPEG’s contraction rate is high as it does not keep the whole frame; it just holds the changes made to the structures.

Behind the procedure of MPEG

MPEG follows a particular algorithm which is used to compress the data taken from small bits. After this, these bits are transferred for decompressing, which is further decoded through a system known as Discrete Cosine Transform( DCT). MPEG has high compression, which means it can effortlessly compress very big files.

MPEG-1 Edition

• MPEG-1 is mostly used for lossy compression of video and audio and it's designed to compress VHS- quality raw digital video which is about 1.5 Mbit/ s.

• Mostly MPEG-1 is a video and audio-compressed stream.

• MPEG-1 can also be used in a variety of containers, resulting in various file types including the popular MP3 audio format and which is based on Layer 3 of MPEG-1, and also Layer 3 of MPEG-2

• The most known part of the MPEG-1 standard is that of the first version of the MP3 audio format.

• It consists of the following five Parts, which are given below-
  1. Systems (where we store and synchronisation of video, audio, and other data together in the system)
  2. Video (include compressed video content)
  3. Audio (include compressed audio content)
  4. Conformance testing is mostly used for testing the correctness
  5. Reference software

MPEG-2 Edition

• MPEG-2 is a mainly high-quality video application at bit rates higher than 2 Mbit/s.

• It's suitable for coding both progressive and interlaced videos. MPEG-2 uses frame adaptive to move compensated predictive coding and DCT.

• Dual prime motion compensation for P- pictures are used for low-delay applications with no intervening B- picture. In addition to the default quantisation table, MPEG-2 is a nonlinear quantisation table with increased accuracy for small values.

• Alternate examination and new VLC tables are defined for DCT coefficient coding. MPEG-2 also supports compatibility with the MPEG-1 standard. MPEG-2 syntax is a superset of MPEG-1 syntax and it supports a variety of rates and formats for various applications. Similar to other video coding standards, MPEG-2 is only syntax and semantics.

• It doesn't specify every encoding option ( pre-processing, motion estimation, quantizer, rate quality control, and other coding options) and decoding options(post-processing and error concealment) to allow continuing technology improvement and product differentiation.

• It's important to keep in mind that different implementations may lead to a different quality, bit rate, delay, and complexity tradeoffs with different cost factors. A MPEG- 2 encoder is much more expensive than a MPEG- 2 decoder since it needs to perform many more operations(e.g., motion estimation, coding mode decisions, and rate control).

• A MPEG- 2 encoder is also much more expensive than anH.261 or a MPEG- 1 encoder due to the high resolution and more complicated motion estimations (e.g., larger search range, frame/ field-directional motion estimation).

• MPEG-1 has been used in VCD. MPEG-2 has been used in DVD and digital television including SDTV and HDTV broadcasting over satellites or cable television( CATV) networks.

• They've been used in high-quality video networking and streaming applications for transmitting live and pre-recorded streams over broadband Internet, corporate Intranets and virtual private networks.

MPEG-4 Edition

• The full form of MPEG-4 is Moving Pictures Expert Group 4.

• MPEG-4 is a standard for audio and video coding compression and this method reduces the size of an audio or a video file while retaining its quality.

• MPEG-4 is commonly shortened to “MP4, as MP4 files can be read by computer applications like QuickTime and VLC.

• MPEG-4 is mostly used on Blu-ray discs and DVDs.

• MPEG-4 has multiple features like MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards which add new features like extended features which support VRML for 3D rendering, and object-oriented composite files.

• There are many features included in MPEG-4 that is left to individual developers, which decide whether or not to implement them.

• To deal with this, the standard must include the concept of "profiles" and" levels", which allows a specific set of capabilities to be defined in a manner applicable to a subset of applications.

• MPEG-4 was aimed primarily at low-bit-rate video communications and its scope as a multimedia coding standard can be later expanded. MPEG-4 is a variety of bit rates which range from some kilobits per second to tens of megabits per second. MPEG-4 provides the following functions, they are given below-

1. It improves coding efficiency over MPEG-2

2. It can encode mixed media data (video, audio, speech)

3. Error resilience is enable robust transmission

4. MPEG-4 can also interact with the audio-visual scene generated at the receiver

MPEG Benefits

1. MPEG documents are used to create a quite good quality duplicate of the original data.

2. The main benefit of the MPEG document application is compatible with many other internet browsers and can be used on different platforms.

Limitations of MPEG

1. MPEG has less compression ratio.

2. The file sizes of MPEG are more significant.

3. MPEG takes longer to load because of the large file size.