PEM Full Form

What is the full form of PEM?

The full form of PEM is the"protein energy malnutrition." It is a condition caused by a deficiency of protein and certain micronutrients and micronutrients.Macronutrients include carbohydrates. Proteins and fats and micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are deficient due to ineffective assimilation of nutrients. It is graded as mild, moderate, or severe based on its symptoms and manifestations in the body. It is now commonly known as Protein Energy Undernutrition (PEU) or Protein Calorie Undernutrition (PCU). These types of diseases are common among children in developing and underdeveloped countries around the world. It occurs when protein uptake does not satisfy the body's nutritional requirements.

This Story also Contains

1. What is the full form of PEM?
2. Classification of PEM
3. 1. Kwashiorkor
4. 2. Marasmus
5. Secondary protein-energy malnutrition
6. Major Symptoms of Protein Energy Metabolism
7. Treatment of Protein Energy Malnutrition
8. Complications of Protein Deficiency Malnutrition

Classification of PEM

Primary Protein Energy Malnutrition: Proteins are major biomolecules, also called the "building blocks," of our body. They are mainly seen in children and are caused by depression related to child and elder abuse.

1. Kwashiorkor

• It is caused by a protein deficiency caused by inadequate breastfeeding or a low-protein diet.

• It is also called edematous malnutrition.

• Fluid retention is caused by an electrolyte imbalance. Foot, stomach, and ankle edoema

• Due to a diet that contains more carbohydrates and less protein.

• It can also be caused by acute gastroenteritis.

• Immunity is reduced.

2. Marasmus

• Severe protein deficiency caused by changes in fat metabolism.

• The primary symptom is being underweight.Symptoms of marasmus can occur due to deficiency, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,

• Infections are caused if marasmus remains untreated for a long time.

Secondary protein-energy malnutrition

• These include disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

• caused by a deficiency of hormones

• Decreased appetite.

Major Symptoms of Protein Energy Metabolism

• muscle weakness and loss of strength

• Physical changes in hair and skin: weight loss, inelastic tissue, and dry skin

• Temporary lactose intolerance

• Heart and kidney failure

• Fractures and bone misformation are both possible outcomes.

Diagnosis of Protein Energy Malnutrition

• BMI (body mass index) calculation

• Analysis of Fat Metabolism

• Levels of hormones, enzymes, cholesterol, etc.

• Measuring serum albumin levels

• Testing the total blood count

Treatment of Protein Energy Malnutrition

• Balanced Diet

• Hydration

• Food supplements: vitamin B12, magnesium

• Avoidance of lactose

• Supportive Care

• antibiotic treatment for infection

• Replenishing essential nutrients

Complications of Protein Deficiency Malnutrition

• Infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, and others.

• Delayed wound healing

• Retardation in Growth

• Micronutrients deficiency

• Organ Failure