Waves - Definition, Types, Properties, Application

Question : Read the passage and answer the following questions.
IIT Delhi researchers have designed and fabricated a device that can generate electricity from water drops, raindrops, water streams, and even from ocean waves using "Triboelectric Effect" and "Electrostatic Induction". The device is called "Liquid-solid Interface Triboelectric Nanogenerator". The generated electricity can be stored in batteries for further use. Triboelectric effect is a known phenomenon for a long time, and in this effect, charges are generated when two surfaces are in friction. The best example we see are sparkling lights when we move the blankets/jackets.

The device has a very simple structure consisting of specially designed nanocomposite polymers and contact electrodes and can generate a few Milliwatt mW power, which is sufficient to power small electronic devices like watches, digital thermometers, radio frequency transmitters, healthcare sensors, pedometers. When compared to conventional methods, such as the use of the piezoelectric effect, the present device can generate significantly more electricity.

The researchers successfully incorporated nanostructures into a polymer matrix, which enhanced the film's surface roughness, polarizability, and hydrophobicity, among other characteristics, as a result. Due to the enhancement in the above property, the flexible film is used to fabricate the device where raindrops have just to slide down and can generate electricity. The artificially created rough surface allows to generate more charge and superhydrophobic properties of the solid surface help to roll the water drop without getting stick to the surface.

The IIT Delhi research team also explored the underlying mechanism of the electricity generated when the water drop comes in contact with the solid surface and it is shown that saline water drops generate more electricity. The researchers also showed that the device can even work with ocean waves, where the water is saline, and through the ocean waves contacting the surface of nanocomposite polymer film, electricity is generated.

Question:Name the electronic devices which can be powered with the device mentioned in the passage:
1. Watches
2. Pedometers
3. Refrigerators
4. Radio Frequency Transmitters
 

Option 1: Only 1 and 2
 

Option 2: All 1,2,3, and 4
 

Option 3: Only 3 and 4
 

Option 4: Only 1,2 , and 4

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Climatic disasters are (1)_______ increasingly common due to the effects of climate change. These disasters include extreme weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. To mitigate the effects of these disasters, it is essential to invest in disaster preparedness and (2)______ The impact of climatic disasters is not limited to the loss of life and property damage. For example, hurricanes can disrupt the oil and gas industry, leading to higher fuel prices and (3)_______ Floods can damage crops and infrastructure, leading to food shortages and disruptions to transportation systems. Rising temperatures can lead to more frequent heat waves, while changes in precipitation patterns can lead to more (4)_______ droughts and floods. Climatic disasters disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Collaboration among governments, communities, and businesses is crucial for effective disaster preparedness and response. This involves investing in early warning systems, improving infrastructure and emergency services, and planning for post-disaster recovery. By taking a (5)_______ approach to disaster management, we can reduce the impacts of climatic disasters and build more resilient communities.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 2.

Option 1: regeneration

Option 2: response

Option 3: evaluation

Option 4: manifestation

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Climatic disasters are (1)_______ increasingly common due to the effects of climate change. These disasters include extreme weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. To mitigate the effects of these disasters, it is essential to invest in disaster preparedness and (2)______ The impact of climatic disasters is not limited to the loss of life and property damage. For example, hurricanes can disrupt the oil and gas industry, leading to higher fuel prices and (3)_______ Floods can damage crops and infrastructure, leading to food shortages and disruptions to transportation systems. Rising temperatures can lead to more frequent heat waves, while changes in precipitation patterns can lead to more (4)_______ droughts and floods. Climatic disasters disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Collaboration among governments, communities, and businesses is crucial for effective disaster preparedness and response. This involves investing in early warning systems, improving infrastructure and emergency services, and planning for post-disaster recovery. By taking a (5)_______ approach to disaster management, we can reduce the impacts of climatic disasters and build more resilient communities.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 4.

Option 1: fast

Option 2: rare

Option 3: frequent

Option 4: speedy

Question : Which type of sound waves can propagate in solids?

Option 1: Longitudinal only

Option 2: Transverse only

Option 3: Either longitudinal or transverse

Option 4: Non-mechanical waves only

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Climatic disasters are (1)_______ increasingly common due to the effects of climate change. These disasters include extreme weather events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. To mitigate the effects of these disasters, it is essential to invest in disaster preparedness and (2)______ The impact of climatic disasters is not limited to the loss of life and property damage. For example, hurricanes can disrupt the oil and gas industry, leading to higher fuel prices and (3)_______ Floods can damage crops and infrastructure, leading to food shortages and disruptions to transportation systems. Rising temperatures can lead to more frequent heat waves, while changes in precipitation patterns can lead to more (4)_______ droughts and floods. Climatic disasters disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Collaboration among governments, communities, and businesses is crucial for effective disaster preparedness and response. This involves investing in early warning systems, improving infrastructure and emergency services, and planning for post-disaster recovery. By taking a (5)_______ approach to disaster management, we can reduce the impacts of climatic disasters and build more resilient communities.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 5.

Option 1: proactive

Option 2: productive

Option 3: bioactive

Option 4: inactive