Logical Reasoning: Topics, Questions with Answers, Examples
Logical Reasoning is an important part of almost all major competitive government, college entrance, and campus placement exams conducted across the country and is one of the highest-scoring sections as well. The aspirants who are preparing for the upcoming competitive exams can find all the topics asked in Logical Reasoning in this article.
What is Logical Reasoning?
Logical reasoning is defined as the ability to think logically, analyse situations and make logical and precise judgements. It is a type of problem-solving approach which works under some set of rules to reach an accurate conclusion. It is basically of two types as mentioned below.
Types of Logical Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning: It is defined as the test which evaluates the ability of a person to reach valid conclusions from the given information. It is a capacity to comprehend and logically think over concepts and statements stated in words.
Non-verbal reasoning: It is defined as the test which evaluates the ability of a person to analyse visual data and solve problems expressed in numbers/letters/figures in combination with words using visual reasoning.
Logical Reasoning Topics
Why is Logical Reasoning important?
Logical reasoning is an important skill that a person can use during all kinds of daily situations along with other cognitive skills. It helps in making important decisions, discerns the truth, solves problems, comes up with new ideas and sets achievable goals. It is asked in almost all competitive exams to check the candidate’s interpretation skills concerning patterns, figures and facts. It helps candidates in improving their decision-making skills, problem-solving skills and setting goals.
Five Steps to Solve Reasoning-Based Questions
The following steps are required to solve the Logical Reasoning questions:
Read the information thoroughly as a thorough reading of information makes a better understanding.
Analyse the logical facts and figures in the information.
Write down the important points and think of all the possible answers following the logical reasoning rules.
Now choose the answer obtained with other possibilities.
Come to an accurate logical conclusion. Rest it also depends on your ability to solve a logical reasoning question.
The logical reasoning section comprises various topics which include the following types of questions:
Verbal Questions – These types of questions can be solved verbally if a person understands the logic behind the given information and practices several questions of all verbal reasoning topics for that person no pen-paper solution is required.
Sequence Questions – These types of questions can be solved by implementing mathematical formulas or by analysing the information. In such types of questions a series or sequence of objects/people/numbers/alphabets, etc. is given and questions based on the same are asked.
Puzzle Questions – These types of questions are based entirely on logical analysis of the information given in the puzzle question. It includes seating arrangement or arranging people/days/months/places, etc. in different forms.
Image-Based Questions – These types of questions are based on the images as some figures are given as a problem figure and a person has to identify the required figure. It may be water images, mirror images or paper construction-based images. Sometimes sequence pattern questions are also asked based on the images.
For more information or a better understanding of logical reasoning topics check the linked pages below.
Logical Reasoning Sample Questions with Answers
To learn a topic and get clarity on a particular topic a candidate has to understand the concept even better by solving questions based on them. A candidate has to solve several questions to get more clarity on the topic. There are a few examples below for the reference of candidates, we have combined a few examples from both the verbal and non-verbal logical reasoning topics with explanations so that the candidates can solve them and analyse the type of questions which may be asked in this section.
Sample Questions on Verbal Reasoning
Q-1) Find the odd one out.
A) 121-144 B) 1444-1521 C) 1024-1156 D) 441-484
Solution:
In the above-given pairs, all pairs are squares of natural numbers.
First Option: 121-144; (11 x 11) (12 x 12)
Second Option: 1444-1521; (38 x 38) (39 x 39)
Third Option: 1024-1156; (32 x 32) (34 x 34)
Fourth Option: 441-484; (21 x 21 ) (22 x 22)
All number pairs are squares of consecutive numbers except option third as in the third option a square of 34 is given instead of a square of 33.
Hence, the third option is correct.
Q-2) How many letters are there between the eighth letter from the left and the fourth letter from the right?
A Q W E R T S D C F S R F H J K L B N M X Z U
A) 2 B) 8 C) 7 D) 13
Solution:
Eighth from the left is - D
Fourth from the right is - M
Number of letters between D and M = 11 letters
Hence, the third option is correct
Q-3) Which one of the given alternatives is always associated with ‘justice’?
(A) Legitimate
(B) Hypocrisy
(C) Judgement
(D) Magnamimity
Solution:
Justice can be given according to law only. Hence, the first option is correct.
Sample Questions on Non-Verbal Reasoning
Q1. Directions: Two different positions of the same dice are shown. Select the letter that will be on the face opposite to the one having A.
A) B
B) F
C) N
D) Z
Solution: Two different positions of a dice are given with one face common, ‘Z’ and the sixth face is A. So, move in the clockwise direction from the common face Z as shown below to get the opposite pair of faces.
So, the pair of opposite faces - (B⇔F); (C⇔N); (Z⇔A).
Therefore, the opposite face of the A is Z. Hence, the fourth option is correct.
Q-2) Directions: Select the option figure that is embedded in the given figure (rotation is NOT allowed).
Solution- Since the rotation of the figure is not allowed, let's check which option figure can exactly fit itself in the given question figure.
From the above, it is clear that the third option figure is embedded in the given question figure. Hence, the third option is correct.
Q-3) Directions: Find the odd figure from the given alternatives.
Solution- Let's check each option –
First option: In this figure, the bottom two vertical lines are above the bottom horizontal line.
Second option: In this figure, the bottom two vertical lines are above the bottom horizontal line.
Third option: In this figure, the bottom two vertical lines are below the bottom horizontal line.
Fourth option: In this figure, the bottom two vertical lines are above the bottom horizontal line.
Therefore, the figure in the third option is different from the others. Hence, the third option is correct.
Logical Reasoning: Important Exams
Almost every competitive exam covers the Logical Reasoning section to check the candidate's capability to deal with a particular situation or the ability of a candidate to understand and logically work through concepts and problems expressed in the form of images, diagrams, etc.
The list of various exams is given below in which logical reasoning covers almost all topics and plays an important role in scores.
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)
There are two types of questions asked in various competitive exams. The first type is verbal reasoning and the other type is nonverbal reasoning.
The topics include coding-decoding, series, blood relations, directions sense test, puzzle, seating arrangements, alphabet test, mirror images, classification, analogy, statement conclusions/arguments, syllogism etc. These are the topics covered in competitive exams rest depends on the level and syllabus of the exam.
To solve the reasoning question in a shorter time a candidate must read the information write down the important words or sentences of information in steps memorize the important ones and then extract the conclusion from the points. It makes it easy to reach a correct conclusion in a shorter time.
Practice is the only way to achieve success in Logical Reasoning questions. There is no shortcut to learning reasoning without practice.
To prepare for any competitive exam the first step a candidate must follow is to check the syllabus and accordingly start the preparation. There is a need for a thorough study of the topics after that practice the questions related to the topic followed by the mock test. A thorough study of the topic followed by practice questions and mock tests is the key to success.
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