Ecosystem

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option for each blank.
The Amazon rainforest is an awe-inspiring natural wonder that (1)______ across several South American countries, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. Covering an (2)_______ area of 5.5 million square kilometres, it is the largest tropical rainforest on Earth. The Amazon jungle is (3)______ for its remarkable biodiversity, harbouring an astonishing array of plant and animal species that are still being discovered and studied. The dense vegetation of the jungle creates a (4)________ and complex ecosystem, supporting countless species and providing crucial ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and climate regulation. It is also home to (5)_______ communities that have thrived within its rich confines for centuries, preserving their traditions and deep connection to the land.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number 3.

Option 1: great

Option 2: acclaimed

Option 3: renowned

Option 4: pre-eminent

Question : Comprehension:
Wildlife and nature have largely been associated with humans for numerous emotional and social reasons. A simple stroll around the park amidst some birds provides a fresh breath of life and charges our batteries. Apart from a bird feeder in the backyard, we can also take up other active pastimes, such as hiking, hunting, canoeing, or wildlife photography, to relieve our parched nerves. Since prehistoric times, animals have been highly useful to us in providing food, clothing, and a source of income.
Studies indicate that woodpeckers are capable of destroying 90% of codling moth larvae residing under the bark of trees. This shows the significance of wildlife and wildlife habitat for preserving genetic diversity. Hence, places, where agriculture, forests, and fisheries depend on crops or stocks, can ensure that such living resources are enough to withstand the ever-increasing list of threats. Further, in medicine, the development of new drugs and treatments is largely dependent on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Interestingly, most pharmaceutical products are a result of discovering or developing wildlife species, not discoveries made through traditional chemistry principles. Today, most medicinal remedies contain at least one ingredient derived from a wild plant or animal.
Biodiversity is the variety of living beings within an ecosystem or on our planet. It is a measurement of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity also plays a part in the function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical areas are rich in species, whereas polar areas support lesser species. The conservation of biodiversity is inevitable for the survival of humans. Based on the passage above, choose the correct option for the following questions:

Question:
Wildlife has helped humans in all aspects except?

Option 1: Clothing

Option 2: Development of new medicines

Option 3: Education

Option 4: Providing food

Question : In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Our beautiful ecosystem is being systematically (1)____ by industrial pollution channelled into rivers like the Ganga and the Yamuna, nuclear wastes from atomic plants muted into the world’s oceans, and (2)____ gases such as carbon dioxide mixed with the ozonosphere. Besides, tropical rainforests and green pastures are disappearing (3)_____ the pressure of a proliferating population. Dams are being (4)_____ over the rivers like the Narmada to change nature’s well-balanced surface equations between flora and fauna, and sloping mountainous terrain is being converted into mini oceans to supply electricity to the ever-starving industrial stomach of our age. Elephants, tigers, the wild rhinos of South Africa and many other forest creatures have become (5)_____ species.

Question

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank number 1.

Option 1: damaged

Option 2: oriented

Option 3: glorified

Option 4: designed

Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

Under which category of wetlands, are delta and mangrove swamps included?

Option 1: marine

Option 2: estuarine

Option 3: lacustrine

Option 4: palustrine

Question : India's first indigenously developed payment ecosystem for transport, based on National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) standards, was launched in:

Option 1: March 2017

Option 2: March 2019

Option 3: March 2018

Option 4: March 2016