Reproduction in organisms means the biological processes by which living beings produce offspring to continue their species. This process is important for survival and occurs in all forms of life, including microorganisms, plants, and animals. It provides an overview of how birth, growth, and death are closely connected in the life cycle of every organism, highlighting the different modes of reproduction, such as asexual and sexual reproduction.
This Story also Contains
The reproduction in organisms covers important topics like types of asexual reproduction - binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, and reproductive strategies in plants and animals. The life span of an organism is the time period from birth to death, having pre- fertilisation, fertilisation and post-fertilisation events. Reproduction in Organisms is an important chapter of Biology, and is covered in the Class 12 syllabus.
Reproduction is defined as a biological process in which organisms give birth to young ones of their own kind. Reproduction of organisms takes the following two broad forms:
Asexual reproduction involves an individual or parent organism dividing to give rise to genetically identical offspring, that is, clones. It is seen mostly in single-celled organisms, fungi, and several types of plants.
Examples
Amoeba: Reproduces through binary fission.
Bacteria: May reproduce through either binary fission or budding.
Hydra: Produces the new individual by budding.
Plants: Algae, e.g., Chlamydomonas, produce zoospores.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to create a zygote. Mostly occurs in advanced organisms like animals and flowering plants.
Main Events:
Pre-reproductive Stage: The growth stage is where the reproductive organs start developing.
Reproductive Stage: Gamete formation, floral formation in flowering plants, and sexual characteristics reach maturity.
Senescence Stage: It is the final stage of life, characterised by the ageing and weakening stages of reproductive ability.
Sexual reproduction in organisms follows the following main events:
Pre-Fertilisation: It involves process of Gametogenesis
The creation of gametes (sperm and eggs).
Transfer of gametes from one organism to another.
Fertilisation Events:
Syngamy: Fusion of gametes; ultimately leads to the formation of a zygote.
This may occur by either External fertilisation or Internal fertilisation.
Post-Fertilisation Events:
Formation of Zygote: The diploid cell of the zygote undergoes cleavage and forms an embryo.
Embryogenesis: The stages when the zygote develops into a mature organism through successive cell divisions.
Survival of Species: This is because reproduction ensures that species continue from generation to generation. Every living thing is bound to have a specific lifespan.
Genetic Diversity: Sexual reproduction brings about new variations that help in survival and adaptation by species to new and changing environments.
Population Regeneration: This mechanism ensures that populations of organisms remain stable and thereby resist extinction.
Also Read:
Private
₹- - ₹2475000
Belgaum,Karnataka
Government
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1598000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1125000
Pune,Maharashtra
Government
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹52734 - ₹123766
Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹200000
Jamnagar,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹201984
Panchkula,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹78000
Jhansi,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹69669
Narnaul,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹70290
Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Jodhpur,Rajasthan
Government
Ujjain,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹217500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹179950
Gharnot,Himachal Pradesh
Government
Sangli,Maharashtra
Government
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹93700
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
Prayagraj,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Faizabad,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Rajahmundry,Andhra Pradesh
Government
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Azamgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Gudivada,Andhra Pradesh
Government
Ganderbal,Jammu and Kashmir
Private
₹- - ₹3350000
Wardha,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹631000
Salem,Tamil Nadu
Government
₹- - ₹107910
Shillong,Meghalaya
Government
Burhanpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹689850
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Government
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1188000
Pune,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹5400000
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹726750
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1313745
Pune,Maharashtra
Government
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹655935
Dhule,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹653100
Ratnagiri,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹663300
Bhoyar,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹667170
Thane,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹2413625
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹3150000
Jalgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹5184000
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹4614000
Amravati,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹3786580
Dhule,Maharashtra
Government
Sangli,Maharashtra
Government
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹2102505
Navi Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹675000
Kesnand,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹615000
Buldhana,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹3881835
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹706491
Latur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹923391
Rahuri,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1116000
Chandrapur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1006395
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹825000
Sangli,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹769500
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Private
Washim,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹297000
Amravati,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹557694
Sangamner,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1710000
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1800000
Ashta,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹675000
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹950000
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1249200
Navi Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹881000
Shevgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Jalgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹693000
Bhandara,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹377640
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
Talegaon Dabhade,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹6345085
Igatpuri,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹4471330
Solapur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹462735
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
Panhala,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹808875
Nashik,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹5893035
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1428000
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Jalgaon,Maharashtra
Private
Sindhudurg,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1072500
Peth,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1607500
June Pargaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1616000
Nashik,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹789000
Solapur,Maharashtra
Private
Dhundalwadi,Maharashtra
Private
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Sangli,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹270000
Khamgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Yavatmal,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1115000
Sangli,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹627750
Navi Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
Sangamner,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹790280
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹787500
Karjat,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1120875
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1212505
Latur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1442043
Satara,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹895500
Shrigonda,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹825000
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹360000
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1645000
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹362700
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹434250
Babhulgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹500000
Jalgaon,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹1841140
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Private
Sangamner,Maharashtra
Private
Parbhani,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹315000
Jalgaon,Maharashtra
Private
Parbhani,Maharashtra
Private
Buldhana,Maharashtra
Private
Buldhana,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹450000
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹476955
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Private
Hingoli,Maharashtra
Private
Hingoli,Maharashtra
Private
Ahmednagar,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹250000
Raipur,Chhattisgarh
Government
Bendrchuwa,Chhattisgarh
Government
Naharlagun,Arunachal Pradesh
Government
Jodhpur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹11620
Agartala,Tripura
Private
₹- - ₹600000
Naharlagun,Arunachal Pradesh
Government
Bangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹339615
Bengaluru,Karnataka
Government
Bangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹355950
Chikkamagaluru,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹461560
Chitradurga,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹7905000
Hubli,Karnataka
Private
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹1960000
Mangalore,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹2475000
Belgaum,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹2013500
Mangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹431250
Jaipur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Hyderabad,Telangana
Government
₹- - ₹29250
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹40500
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹689850
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹47020
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Government
Mumbai,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹11088855
Pune,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹13500000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹12150000
Pune,Maharashtra
Private
₹- - ₹12610000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1598000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1125000
Pune,Maharashtra
Government
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹11002
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹35625
Puducherry,Puducherry
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Jodhpur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹120875
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹112500
Chandigarh,Chandigarh
Government
₹- - ₹13807
Bhubaneshwar,Odisha
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Rishikesh,Uttarakhand
Government
₹52734 - ₹123766
Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Raipur,Chhattisgarh
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Bathinda,Punjab
Government
₹- - ₹301000
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Mangalagiri,Andhra Pradesh
Government
Bilaspur,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹9504
Kalyani,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹13807
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹68449
Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir
Government
₹- - ₹7089
Raebareli,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹173140
Rohtak,Haryana
Government
Kangra,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹435750
Udaipur,Rajasthan
Government
Ner Chowk,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹410550
Ajmer,Rajasthan
Government
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹112500
Rajkot,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹35615
Karaikal,Puducherry
Government
Sonipat,Haryana
Government
Ismail Pur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹463020
Jabalpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Chakrapanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Kolhapur,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹60750
Nalanda,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹198000
Ayodhya,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Chamba,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹6789
Deoghar,Jharkhand
Government
₹- - ₹33400
Gaya,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹170750
Burla,Odisha
Government
₹- - ₹250000
Raipur,Chhattisgarh
Government
Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Neemuch,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Khandwa,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹144000
Deoria,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Siddharthnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Almora,Uttarakhand
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Shivpuri,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹655935
Dhule,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Pratapgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Bahraich,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Pauri Garhwal,Uttarakhand
Government
Ghazipur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
North 24 Parganas,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹79000
Madhepura,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹110000
Chandauli,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Lakhimpur Kheri,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Rajnandgaon,Chhattisgarh
Government
Bendrchuwa,Chhattisgarh
Government
₹- - ₹653100
Ratnagiri,Maharashtra
Government
Howrah,West Bengal
Government
Ambikapur,Chhattisgarh
Government
₹- - ₹663300
Bhoyar,Maharashtra
Government
Dhan Bandha,Assam
Government
Pandripani,Chhattisgarh
Government
Purba Medinipur,West Bengal
Government
Naharlagun,Arunachal Pradesh
Government
Shillong,Meghalaya
Government
Godhra,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹667170
Thane,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹6876
Madurai,Tamil Nadu
Government
Diamond Harbour,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹381650
Puducherry,Puducherry
Government
Port Blair,Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Government
₹- - ₹155000
Shimla,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹200000
Jamnagar,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹201984
Panchkula,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹78000
Jhansi,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹7452500
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹69669
Narnaul,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹400000
Indore,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹70290
Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Jodhpur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹2413625
Nagpur,Maharashtra
Government
Ujjain,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹217500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹179950
Gharnot,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹254170
Puducherry,Puducherry
Government
Sangli,Maharashtra
Government
Aurangabad,Maharashtra
Government
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹93700
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
Prayagraj,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Faizabad,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Rajahmundry,Andhra Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹1250000
C.Kothangudi,Tamil Nadu
Government
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Azamgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹6727500
Phulnakhara,Odisha
Government
Gudivada,Andhra Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹8400000
Bhubaneswar,Odisha
Government
Ganderbal,Jammu and Kashmir
Private
₹- - ₹8977500
Bhubaneswar,Odisha
Private
₹- - ₹8308300
Ambala,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹3350000
Wardha,Maharashtra
Private
Puducherry,Puducherry
Private
₹- - ₹10350000
Kanchipuram,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1570000
Kattankulathur,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹10134000
Salem,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹9677000
Kirumampakkam,Puducherry
Private
Mullana,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹11375000
Puducherry,Puducherry
Private
₹- - ₹631000
Salem,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹10149750
Nellikuppam,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1465000
Puducherry,Puducherry
Private
₹- - ₹2242000
Sawangi,Maharashtra
Government
₹- - ₹107910
Shillong,Meghalaya
Government
Burhanpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Bangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹339615
Bengaluru,Karnataka
Government
Bangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹355950
Chikkamagaluru,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹880357
Bangalore,Karnataka
Government
₹- - ₹461560
Chitradurga,Karnataka
Private
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
Hubli,Karnataka
Private
Davanagere,Karnataka
Private
Kadaballi,Karnataka
Private
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
Bagalkot,Karnataka
Private
Chikkaballapur,Karnataka
Private
Chitradurga,Karnataka
Private
Ramanagara,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹7905000
Hubli,Karnataka
Private
Hassan,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹1999550
Dharwad,Karnataka
Private
Bengaluru,Karnataka
Private
Koppal,Karnataka
Private
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹573432
Bangalore,Karnataka
Private
Bidar,Karnataka
Private
Davanagere,Karnataka
Private
Chikkamagaluru,Karnataka
Private
Kalaburagi,Karnataka
Private
Bengaluru,Karnataka
Private
Ramanagara,Karnataka
Private
Kalaburagi,Karnataka
Private
Kalaburagi,Karnataka
Private
Badami,Karnataka
Private
Raichur,Karnataka
Private
Harugeri,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹524700
Davangere,Karnataka
Private
Gadag,Karnataka
Private
Ankali,Karnataka
Private
Sindgi Rural,Karnataka
Private
Basavakalyan,Karnataka
Private
Dharwad,Karnataka
Private
₹- - ₹8100000
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1150650
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹938700
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹920700
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1105650
Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Ismail Pur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Chakrapanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹198000
Ayodhya,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹144000
Deoria,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Siddharthnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Pratapgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Bahraich,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Ghazipur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹110000
Chandauli,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹162000
Lakhimpur Kheri,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹78000
Jhansi,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹5711935
Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹7696801
Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹6745023
Safedabad,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Prayagraj,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Faizabad,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹6670367
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Government
Azamgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹5788670
Gautam Budh Nagar,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹5741239
Anwarpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Gorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹704119
Meerut,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹5851273
Shamli,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1074250
Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1752000
Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1310100
Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹864000
Bagadpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1232700
Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1440000
Ghaziabad,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1400000
Agra,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹918000
Meerut,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Barabanki,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1138050
Farrukhabad,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1060650
Kasganj,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Gautam Buddha Nagar,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1134900
Bareilly,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹945700
Shahjahanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹920700
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Azamgarh,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1220000
Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1200000
Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1026000
Farrukhabad,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1156950
Saharanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹920700
Saharanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Saharanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹920700
Jhansi,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1172700
Chandauli,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1168200
Aligarh,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Ghazipur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1287000
Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Bahraich,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1037500
Muzaffarnagar,Uttar Pradesh
Private
Saharanpur,Uttar Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹555000
Amroha,Uttar Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹112500
Rajkot,Gujarat
Government
Godhra,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹4027500
Surat,Gujarat
Private
₹- - ₹5355000
Jamnagar,Gujarat
Private
₹- - ₹725000
Godhra,Gujarat
Government
₹- - ₹463020
Jabalpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Neemuch,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Khandwa,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Shivpuri,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹400000
Indore,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Ujjain,Madhya Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹217500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹7830000
Bhawrasla,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹7492500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹7807500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹825000 - ₹1360150
Sehore,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹952000
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹821250
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1629000
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1458500
Ratlam,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1125000
Jabalpur,Madhya Pradesh
Private
Burhanpur,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹1189350
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹770000
Indore,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹657000
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹481500
Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹748000
Burhanpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Burhanpur,Madhya Pradesh
Government
Thrissur,Kerala
Private
Thekkil,Kerala
Private
₹- - ₹4033262
Modakkallur,Kerala
Private
Trivandrum,Kerala
Private
₹- - ₹4115277
Kunnukara,Kerala
Private
₹- - ₹1188127
Shoranur,Kerala
Government
₹- - ₹450000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹2900000
Chennai,Tamil Nadu
Government
Tiruvannamalai,Tamil Nadu
Government
₹- - ₹1250000
C.Kothangudi,Tamil Nadu
Private
Madurantakam,Tamil Nadu
Private
Perambalur,Tamil Nadu
Private
Melmaruvathur,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹76829
Irungalur,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹2025000
Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu
Private
Namakkal,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹1365000
Kancheepuram,Tamil Nadu
Private
₹- - ₹270000
Hyderabad,Telangana
Private
Hyderabad,Telangana
Private
Hyderabad,Telangana
Private
Hyderabad,Telangana
Private
₹- - ₹1380000
Secunderabad,Telangana
Private
Somavarappadu,Andhra Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹343750
Chittoor,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Visakhapatnam,Andhra Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹74250
Nellimarla,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Renigunta,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Amalapuram,Andhra Pradesh
Government
Rajahmundry,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Elakolanu,Andhra Pradesh
Government
Gudivada,Andhra Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹107200
Chinna Avutapalli,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Guntakal,Andhra Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹99000
Vizianagaram,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Guntakal,Andhra Pradesh
Private
Tadepalligudem,Andhra Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹29250
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹40500
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹47020
Kolkata,West Bengal
Private
₹- - ₹2541000
Kolkata,West Bengal
Private
₹- - ₹1090000
Kolkata,West Bengal
Private
₹- - ₹719500
Kolkata,West Bengal
Private
₹- - ₹675000
Kolkata,West Bengal
Government
North 24 Parganas,West Bengal
Government
Howrah,West Bengal
Government
Purba Medinipur,West Bengal
Government
Diamond Harbour,West Bengal
Private
Haldia,West Bengal
Private
₹- - ₹2516000
Rajbandh,West Bengal
Private
Durgapur,West Bengal
Government
₹- - ₹431250
Jaipur,Rajasthan
Private
Jaipur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹435750
Udaipur,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹410550
Ajmer,Rajasthan
Private
Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan
Private
₹- - ₹720000
Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan
Private
₹- - ₹1227000
Udaipur,Rajasthan
Private
₹- - ₹522000
Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan
Government
₹- - ₹60750
Nalanda,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹33400
Gaya,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹79000
Madhepura,Bihar
Private
₹- - ₹5865000
Kishanganj,Bihar
Private
₹- - ₹735000
Darbhanga,Bihar
Government
₹- - ₹173140
Rohtak,Haryana
Government
Sonipat,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹69669
Narnaul,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹7802500
Ambala,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹1755000
Rohtak,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹1154000
Faridabad,Haryana
Private
₹- - ₹1440000
Jhajjar,Haryana
Government
₹- - ₹250000
Raipur,Chhattisgarh
Government
Rajnandgaon,Chhattisgarh
Government
Bendrchuwa,Chhattisgarh
Government
Ambikapur,Chhattisgarh
Government
Pandripani,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹3596341
Bhilai,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹3353341
Bhilai,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹3353341
Raipur,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹1058400
Bilaspur,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹972000
Sundara,Chhattisgarh
Private
₹- - ₹1007956
Bodri,Chhattisgarh
Government
₹- - ₹170750
Burla,Odisha
Government
Dhan Bandha,Assam
Government
Kangra,Himachal Pradesh
Government
Ner Chowk,Himachal Pradesh
Government
Chamba,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹155000
Shimla,Himachal Pradesh
Government
₹- - ₹179950
Gharnot,Himachal Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹5082000
Kumarhatti,Himachal Pradesh
Private
₹- - ₹679939
Kumarhatti,Himachal Pradesh
Private
Palamu,Jharkhand
Private
₹- - ₹1390000
Hazaribagh,Jharkhand
Government
₹- - ₹68449
Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir
Government
Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir
Government
₹- - ₹381650
Puducherry,Puducherry
Government
₹- - ₹254170
Puducherry,Puducherry
Private
Puducherry,Puducherry
Private
₹- - ₹2160000
Ariyur,Puducherry
Government
₹- - ₹273255
Puducherry,Puducherry
Government
Almora,Uttarakhand
Government
Pauri Garhwal,Uttarakhand
Private
₹- - ₹11552114
Dehradun,Uttarakhand
Private
₹- - ₹925000
Rishikesh,Uttarakhand
Private
Doiwala,Uttarakhand
Government
₹- - ₹301000
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹93700
New Delhi,Delhi
Government
₹- - ₹112500
Chandigarh,Chandigarh
Reproduction in Plants is the biological process by which plants make new offspring; therefore, the continuation of their species. There are two ways that plants reproduce in the main: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
In asexual reproduction in plants, one parent gives rise to offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Common methods include Vegetative propagation comprises specialised structures such as:
Roots: Some plants may grow from their root systems and can eventually produce new individuals (e.g., dandelions).
Stems: Cutting, layering, and runners (e.g., strawberries) can result in new plants.
Leaves: Some plants can grow into new individuals using leaf cuttings or even parts of a leaf (e.g., Bryophyllum).
Sexual reproduction in plants involves the combination of the male and female gametes, resulting in offspring showing genetic variation. It usually consists of the following stages:
Pollination: The process of transfer of pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. This can occur through the agency of wind, water, or animals.
Fertilisation: This is when the pollen, once it has reached the stigma, germinates and forms a pollen tube that will get to the ovule, where fertilisation will take place to form a zygote.
Seed Formation and Seed Dispersal: Following fertilisation, the zygote develops into an embryo inside the seed, protective tissues, and a supply of food. Seeds will be dispersed away from the parent plant through a variety of mechanisms that include wind, water, animals, and other mechanisms.
Germination: The seed absorbs water, swells, and the embryo grows into a new plant when it gets a favourable environment.
Reproduction in animals is a biological process whereby animals reproduce offspring, hence continuing their species. Animal reproduction occurs in one of two types of reproduction: sexual or asexual reproduction.
In asexual reproduction in animals, there is a single parent resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It is a simple and rapid process where the forms include:
Budding: A new organism is formed when an outgrowth known as the bud arises on the parent. This takes place in organisms like hydra and yeast.
Binary Fission: The parent splits up into two or more entities that are different from one another. Such reproduction takes place in unicellular organisms like the Amoeba, while certain multicellular organisms, such as the flatworm, also exhibit fission.
Fragmentation: An organism breaks into fragments. Those fragments can become a new individual. This is common among starfish and certain types of worms.
Parthenogenesis: It is another form of reproduction. In this, the egg develops into a new individual without being fertilised. It can be seen in insects, reptiles, and some amphibians.
Sexual reproduction in animals is characterised by the fusion of gametes from both males and females, resulting in genetically diverse offspring. This can be viewed as follows, in a nutshell, in a usual case of such a process:
Formation of Gametes: Sperm and eggs are reproductive cells, produced by meiosis from both males and females, thereby halving the number of chromosomes.
Fertilisation: The male gamete or sperm unites with the female gamete or egg to form a zygote. The fertilisation takes place either inside or outside the mother's body, based on the species. In some species, such as fish and frogs, eggs and sperm, fertilize within the water. Examples of mammals that fertilize an egg inside the mother's body include human beings.
Embryo Development: The cell division and growth take place in the zygote, forming the embryo. Later, this embryo will develop into a juvenile and then an adult.
Birth or Hatching: In viviparous animals, such as mammals, the young are born live, meaning they develop inside a mother's body. In oviparous animals, which include birds and reptiles, eggs are laid and hatch after some incubation time.
Here are reproduction in organisms class 12 questions and answers to practice for NEET and Class 12 board Exams
1. Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction?
A) Fertilization
B) Budding
C) Pollination
D) Oviparity
Answer: B) Budding
2. In which type of reproduction do offspring inherit genetic material from two parents?
A) Asexual reproduction
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Binary fission
D) Fragmentation
Answer: B) Sexual reproduction
3. Which of the following organisms reproduces by parthenogenesis?
A) Frog
B) Honeybee
C) Chicken
D) Lizard
Answer: B) Honeybee
4. What is the term for the fusion of male and female gametes?
A) Budding
B) Fertilization
C) Fragmentation
D) Binary fission
Answer: B) Fertilization
5. Which of the following is NOT a form of asexual reproduction?
A) Spore formation
B) Vegetative propagation
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Fission
Answer: C) Sexual reproduction
6 . In flowering plants, which structure develops into a seed after fertilization?
A) Ovary
B) Stigma
C) Anther
D) Petal
Answer: A) Ovary
7. What type of fertilization occurs in most mammals?
A) External fertilization
B) Internal fertilization
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Parthenogenesis
Answer: B) Internal fertilization
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of sexual reproduction?
A) Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
B) It involves the formation of gametes.
C) It occurs through fragmentation.
D) It is a rapid method of reproduction.
Answer: B) It involves the formation of gametes.
9. The process by which a single parent organism breaks into fragments that develop into new individuals is called:
A) Binary fission
B) Budding
C) Fragmentation
D) Cloning
Answer: C) Fragmentation
10. In which of the following organisms does external fertilization primarily occur?
A) Humans
B) Reptiles
C) Frogs
D) Birds
Answer: C) Frogs
Other Useful Resources:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Reproduction is the biological process by which new organisms are created from existing ones. It's essential for the continuity of species and can be broadly categorised into two main types: asexual and sexual reproduction.
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the survival and continuity of their species. It allows for genetic diversity and adaptation across generations.
Reproduction is the process through which living organisms generate new individuals. It can be categorized into asexual reproduction, where one organism produces clones, and sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female gametes.
Although reproducing sex requires two parents, it does not always have to be two different people.
Some organisms are usually called hermaphroditic which means that they contain both male and female gametes.
Prokaryotes are sexually transmitted by dividing cells or dividing them into parent plants. Special structures are made for plants such as runners, suckers, root crops, rhizomes and offsets that give birth to new offspring. It is also called vegetative propagation.
It incorporates the formation of gametes that combine to form the zygote (in the case of humans). It is a more complex and slow process than normal reproduction and most high-end animals reproduce in this way. Divided into pre-fertilization, fertilisation and post-fertilization.
A living thing is capable of reproducing. There are two ways in which living things can produce their own copies: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. In a reproductive process, the male and female cells in the two parents combine to form a zygote that will eventually grow into a creature of their own.
Student Community: Where Questions Find Answers