Structural Organisation in Animals

The Structural Organization in Animals is the plan and the working of tissues, organs, and organ systems in multi-cellular animals. Knowledge of this chapter helps in establishing the base for more complex ideas about physiology in the animal kingdom. Structural Organization in Animals is an important chapter of Biology from class 11 CBSE and also important for the students aiming to appear for NEET, AIIMS, and nursing as well as in entrance exams for paramedical courses. This article covers the most important aspects of the structural organization of animals. There are some key notes and strategies that can help the students to excel in the exams.

Important Topics of Chapter Structural Organisation in Animals

Structural Organisation in Animals

All species in the animal kingdom are multicellular, yet their cell arrangement does not follow the same pattern. Animal levels of the organization are categorized into the following categories based on cellular organization patterns:

The cellular level of organisation: Cells in animals with this type of cell organisation are grouped in loose cell aggregates. Sponge organisation is a good example of this.

Tissue level organization: Animal cells exhibit divisions in cell activities. Tissues are made up of cells that execute the same job. Coelenterates is one example.

Tissues are an integrated set of cells that have similar cellular structures and execute similar tasks. In multicellular creatures, these tissues serve as a basic framework.

Also Read:

• MCQ Practice on Glandular Epithelium
• Animal Tissue Types
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• Cell the Unit of Life

Classification of Tissues

Tissues are classified into four types:

Epithelial tissue: The absence of blood vessels distinguishes epithelial tissues. Instead, it gets the nourishment it needs through diffusion. They serve as both the outer coating and the interior lining of many organs. All cells in epithelial tissues are closely packed, with little intercellular material between them. Simple epithelium and compound epithelium are the two forms of epithelial tissue. Furthermore, epithelial tissue can be classed based on its shape: cuboidal, squamous, or columnar.

Connective tissue: They are the most numerous and extensively dispersed tissues in mammals. Aside from blood cells, all connective tissues release collagen or elastin (fibrous proteins that provide structural support, flexibility, and elasticity.) Connective tissues are so named because of their unique function of connecting and supporting other tissues in the body.

Muscular tissue: These tissues are made up of long, tube-shaped fibres that are arranged in parallel arrays and are mostly made up of multiple fine fibrils known as myofibrils. Muscular tissues are necessary for contraction, relaxation, and other body motions. Muscular tissues are classified into three types: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.

Nervous tissue: Neurons and neuroglial cells make up nervous tissues. The neuron is an excitable cell that is an essential component of the nervous system. The rest of the nervous system is made up of neuroglia, which accounts for double the amount of neural tissue in the human body. Nervous tissues have the most influence over the body's response to changing conditions.

Organ organization: Tissues in a certain group of animals that perform the same function are grouped together to create an organ. Each organ has a distinct purpose. Platyhelminthes is an example.

Organ system level of organization: Organ system level of organization has been found in animals where organs have been coupled to form functional systems, each system concerned with a certain physiological function. Annelids, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Mollusks, and Chordates are a few examples.

NCERT Books Link:

• NCERT book for class 11 Biology
• NCERT book for class 12 Biology

Structural Organisation in Animals Class 11 Notes

Get a head start on your exam preparation by downloading the NCERT Solutions, Class 11 Biology, Chapter 7, Structural Organization in Animals study notes. To provide a thorough study aid for all students, our subject specialists have solved the exercises in this chapter from the NCERT textbook. Structural Organization in Animals NCERT notes PDF is available for free download and is considered an ideal study resource for last-minute revision. Students can actually use this material for a variety of competitive examinations.

NCERT Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT solutions for class 11 Physics
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Mathematics
• NCERT solutions for class 11 Biology

Structural Organisation in Animals MCQ

Given below are some MCQs on structural organisation in animals:

1. Which one of the following types of cells is involved in making the inner walls of the large blood vessels?

a. Stratified epithelium

b. Squamous epithelium

c. Columnar epithelium

d. Simple columnar epithelium

Answer: The answer is the option (b) Squamous epithelium

2. To which one of the following categories does adipose tissue belong?

a. Connective

b. Muscular

c. Neural

d. Epithelial

Answer: The answer is the option (a) Connective tissue

3. Which one of the following is not a connective tissue?

a. Bone

b. Blood

c. Muscles

d. Cartilage

Answer: The answer is the option (c) Muscles

4. The clitellum is a distinct part of the body of the earthworm, it is found in?

a. Segment 15-16-17

b. Segment 14-15-16

c. Segment 13-14-15

d. Segment 12-13-14

Answer: The answer is the option (b) segment 14-15-16

5. Which one of the following statements is true for cockroaches?

a. Anal styles are not present in females

b. Cockroaches are ureotelic

c. Their larval stage is known as caterpillar

d. The total number of ovarioles in a single ovary is ten

Answer: The answer is the option (a) anal styles are not present in females

6. The ciliated epithelium in our body may be found in

a. Trachea

b. Ureter

c. Bile duct

d. Intestines

Answer: The answer is the option (a) trachea

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Physics
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Mathematics
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Biology

Important Topics of Structural Organisation in Animals for NEET and CBSE

The structural organisation in animals is an important chapter of Zoology that focuses on the arrangement of tissues, organs, and organ systems in different species. The key topics from this chapter asked in NEET and CBSE exams are given below:

Structural Organisation in Animals NEET Questions

MCQs under NEET often involve structural organization in animals, the structure of tissues, organs, and systems, which are found differently in different species.

Some common question types asked in this regard include:

• MCQs on tissue types and their associated functions.
• Questions on the anatomy of earthworms, cockroaches, and frogs.
• A question that involves an assertion and reasoning based on tissue types and organ functions.
• Structural organization in animals MCQs on the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems of chosen organisms.

Practising MCQs on the structural organization in animals will give them a flavour as to what type of questions are put up in the NEET examination.

NCERT Notes Subject Wise Link:

• NCERT notes Class 11 Maths
• NCERT notes Class 11 Physics
• NCERT notes Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT notes Class 11 Biology

Tips, Tricks, and Strategies to Practice for Structural Organisation in Animals

The following are tips and tricks in prepping to do the topic on structural organisation in animals:

Study Aids

Diagrams: Draw detailed diagrams of tissue structures and the anatomy of animals like earthworms and frogs.

Charts: Use flowcharts to illustrate the functions of different tissues and organs in selected organisms.

Mnemonics

Create mnemonics to be able to remember what is what type of tissue it is and what function it is for, such as "Eat Cake More Now" for Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous tissues.

Multimedia

Watch videos or animations that demonstrate tissue-level organisation in animals and how they aid in the functioning of organ systems.

Flashcards

Make flashcards for memorizing the structure and function of various tissues. This is very useful for structural organization in animal MCQs in NEET.

Types of Questions Asked on Structural Organisation in Animals in Exams

The table below indicates the types of questions asked from structural organisation in animals in different exams:

Prescribed Books for Structural Organisation in Animals

The main and most recommended learning resource for structural organisation in animals is the NCERT Biology class 11 textbook covering all concepts as per the CBSE syllabus. For further understanding, "Trueman's Elementary Biology, Volume 1" can be referred to. The other useful book is "Pradeep's Biology" which is also known for its detailed explanation and plenty of solved examples. You can access a variety of videos, articles and mock tests on this chapter from the careers360 platform. These books along with proper practice will make a great package for board exams as well as competitive exams like NEET.

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