Electrochemistry

Introduction:
Electrochemistry is the study of generating electricity from the energy produced during spontaneous chemical reactions, as well as the application of electrical energy to non-spontaneous chemical changes.

The topic is important from both a theoretical and a practical standpoint. Electrochemical processes are used to make a variety of metals, sodium hydroxide, chlorine, fluorine, and other compounds. Batteries and fuel cells are widely utilised in a variety of equipment and systems to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Electrochemical reactions can be both energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. As a result, electrochemistry research is critical for developing new environmentally friendly technology. Electrochemical processes are known to be involved in the transfer of sensory impulses from cells to the brain and vice versa, as well as cell communication.

Electrochemistry is a broad and interdisciplinary field of study. We will only explore several of the most significant fundamental components of it in this Unit. Class 12 electrochemistry notes aim to put the concepts behind chemical processes in context. Students will learn that the ionic conductor is an important part of cells by reading the chapter 3 Chemistry class 12 notes thoroughly.

List of topics according to NCERT and JEE Main/NEET syllabus:

1. Type of cells:
a) Electrochemical cell/ Galvanic cell (Galvanic cell example)
b) Electrolytic cell
2. Electrode potential
3. Standard electrode potential
4. Anode
5. Cathode
6. Cell potential
7. Cell electromotive force (emf)
8. SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode)
9. Nernst equation
10. Relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy:
11. Relation between equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy
12. Resistance(R)
13. Resistivity
14. Specific conductance/Conductivity
15. Molar conductivity
16. Molar Conductivity for Strong Electrolytes
17. Molar Conductivity for Weak Electrolytes
18. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
19. Faraday’s law of electrolysis
20. Types of electrodes
a) Inert
b) Active
21. Batteries:
a) Primary
b) Secondary
22. Corrosion Electrochemistry
23. Hydrogen Economy

Important concepts and Laws:

Example of Electrochemical cell.

Galvanic cells examples.

Electrolytic cells and Electrochemical cells.

Types of an Electrochemical cell

Electrochemical Reactions

Nernst equation for calculating the emf of galvanic cell and define the standard potential of the cell.

Relation between the standard potential of the cell, Gibbs energy of cell reaction, and its equilibrium constant.

Resistivity (ρ) of ionic solutions.

Conductivity (κ) of ionic solutions.

Molar conductivity of ionic solutions.

Method for measurement of conductivity of electrolytic solutions.

Calculation of molar conductivity of electrolytic solutions.

Variation of conductivity and molar conductivity of solutions with change in their concentration.

Kohlrausch law and its applications.

Quantitative aspects of electrolysis.

Construction of some primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells.

Corrosion as an electrochemical process.

Importance of Electrochemistry class 12:

Chemistry has a large syllabus that must be covered in order for a student to qualify the class 12 board exams. It is significant not just in terms of the board test, but also in terms of the JEE and NEET examinations. Physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and inorganic chemistry are the three major areas that make up the chemistry curriculum.

Electrochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry that is used to store energy electrochemically. It deals with the qualities of materials that make them appropriate for electrodes, different types of electrolytes that help with charge transport and establishing a relationship between observable and quantifiable electrical potential properties for chemical reactions that occur inside the cell. Given the growing relevance of energy storage systems, electrochemistry becomes increasingly important in understanding how electrodes, separators, chemicals, and other materials are chosen, as well as the computation of the available electric potential due to these processes.

Although, in the JEE Examination, there are just one to two questions from Electrochemistry.

However, it is still very important.

Electrochemistry is probably the most important chapter of physical chemistry for JEE Advanced. There were many a time when comprehension (consisting of 2 or 3 questions) from electrochemistry was regularly seen in JEE ADV.

NCERT Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT solutions for class 12 Physics.
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Chemistry.
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Mathematics.
• NCERT solutions for class 12 Biology.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Subject wise link:

• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Physics.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Chemistry.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Mathematics.
• NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Biology.