Correct Answer: Planning and controlling are simultaneous processes.

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Planning and controlling are simultaneous processes.

In reality, planning and controlling are not strictly sequential processes where one comes before the other. They are closely interconnected and often occur simultaneously. While planning involves setting goals, defining strategies, and allocating resources, controlling is about monitoring actual performance, comparing it to the planned objectives, and making adjustments if necessary. 

In the context of XYZ Electronics, as they aim to maintain product quality and meet customer expectations, planning helps them establish quality standards and customer satisfaction goals. Controlling then involves monitoring the production processes and product quality in real-time to ensure that they align with the established standards and goals. If any deviations or issues arise during production, immediate corrective actions can be taken.

Correct Answer: Electronics and Information Technology

Solution : The correct option is Electronics and Information Technology.

Under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a statutory body. The UIDAI is in charge of carrying out the Aadhaar project, which entails providing Indian citizens with unique identity numbers, or Aadhaar numbers. Every resident will receive a unique identification through the Aadhaar initiative, which may be utilized for a range of public and private sector activities.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Initiative

The principle of "Initiative" in management encourages employees to take proactive steps, make suggestions, and propose innovative ideas to improve processes, products, or services within the organization. ABC Electronics encouraging its employees to take the initiative and propose innovative ideas aligns with the principle of initiative, fostering a culture of creativity, innovation, and active participation among its workforce.

Correct Answer: Exclusive Distribution

Solution : the correct answer is (c) Exclusive Distribution

Exclusive distribution is a type of distribution strategy in which a manufacturer sells its products to a limited number of retailers who have the exclusive right to sell those products in a specific geographic area. This type of distribution strategy is often used for high-end products, such as luxury cars and jewelry, where the manufacturer wants to maintain control over the distribution of its products and ensure that they are sold in a high-quality environment.

Correct Answer: By investing in research and development for smart gadgets
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) By investing in research and development for smart gadgets

Recognizing the decline in demand for traditional electronic gadgets and the growing market for smart devices, XYZ Electronics took the proactive approach of investing in research and development. This strategic decision enabled them to create cutting-edge smart gadgets, leading to increased sales and market share.

Correct Answer: No, he must first approach the District Forum for cases involving products.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) No, he must first approach the District Forum for cases involving products.

In cases involving the purchase of a product like a television, the consumer should first approach the appropriate District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is usually involved in handling appeals or cases of significant value, and consumers are generally required to exhaust the remedies available at the district and state levels before approaching the National Commission. So, the customer should start by filing a complaint with the District Forum to seek compensation for the defective television.

Correct Answer: Guiding and supervising employees

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Guiding and supervising employees

Directing involves providing guidance, supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication to employees to ensure they work effectively and efficiently towards achieving organizational goals.

Correct Answer: Empowering employees and involving them in decision-making
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Empowering employees and involving them in decision-making.

A participative leadership style, also known as democratic leadership, emphasizes involving team members in the decision-making process and valuing their input and opinions. It encourages collaboration, creativity, and a sense of ownership among employees. The supervisor seeks input from the team and considers their perspectives when making decisions, ultimately empowering employees to contribute to the organization's goals and objectives.

Correct Answer: Exclusive Distribution

Solution : the correct answer is (c) Exclusive Distribution

Exclusive distribution is a type of distribution strategy in which a manufacturer sells its products to a limited number of retailers who have the exclusive right to sell those products in a specific geographic area. This type of distribution strategy is often used for high-end products, such as luxury cars and jewelry, where the manufacturer wants to maintain control over the distribution of its products and ensure that they are sold in a high-quality environment.

Correct Answer: Enhancing employee performance and satisfaction

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Enhancing employee performance and satisfaction

Motivation is a critical aspect of directing and management. It involves inspiring and encouraging employees to put forth their best efforts and achieve their goals. When employees at XYZ Electronics are motivated, they are more likely to be engaged, productive, and satisfied with their work. This ultimately leads to improved performance and higher levels of satisfaction within the team and organization.