Question : In which year was the first Industrial Policy based on the mixed economy principle announced in India?
Option 1: 1948
Option 2: 1962
Option 3: 1950
Option 4: 1959
Correct Answer: 1948
Solution : The correct answer is 1948.
In 1948, the first Industrial policy based on the mixed economy principle was announced in India. The policy demarcated the areas of operation of the public and private sectors in the country. This policy was presented in the Parliament by the then Minister of Industries, Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.
Answer laterQuestion : Statement 1: The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the development of large-scale industries in India.
Statement 2: The resolution aimed to encourage private investment in key industries.
Option 1: Both statements are true.
Option 2: Both statements are false.
Option 3: Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false.
Option 4: Statement 1 is false, and statement 2 is true.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false.
Statement 1 is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956, also known as the Nehru-Mahalanobis model, aimed to promote the development of large-scale industries in India. The focus was on the establishment of a public sector-led industrial base to support economic growth and self-sufficiency.
Statement 2 is false. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 did not specifically aim to encourage private investment in key industries. Instead, it emphasized the importance of the public sector and state intervention in the industrialization process. The policy advocated for the establishment of public sector enterprises and state control over key industries.
Therefore, statement 1 is true, as the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the development of large-scale industries. Statement 2 is false, as the policy did not aim to encourage private investment in key industries.
Question : Assertion: The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to promote the development of small-scale industries in India.
Reason: The resolution emphasized the role of the public sector in industrial growth.
Option 1: Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 2: Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 3: The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Option 4: The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Correct Answer: The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
The assertion is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India aimed to promote the development of small-scale industries. The policy recognized the importance of small-scale industries in promoting balanced regional development, employment generation, and reducing income inequalities. It introduced various measures and incentives to support the growth of small-scale industries, such as reservation of products for exclusive production by small-scale units, financial assistance, and technical support.
However, the reason is false. The resolution did not emphasize the role of the public sector in industrial growth. In fact, the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 recognized the importance of both the public and private sectors in industrial development. It advocated for a mixed economy, with a role for both public and private enterprises. The resolution aimed to strike a balance between the public and private sectors and promote their coexistence.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Question : What is 'target area planning' in the context of planning in India?
Option 1: Focusing on urban development only
Option 2: Concentrating on a specific region for development
Option 3: Planning for nationwide industrial growth
Option 4: Targeting tourist destinations for improvement
Correct Answer: Concentrating on a specific region for development
Solution : Target area planning refers to concentrating on a specific region or area for development, with the aim of addressing regional imbalances and promoting overall growth.
Question : India's environmental policies often emphasize:
Option 1: The deregulation of environmental protections
Option 2: The integration of environmental sustainability with development
Option 3: The prioritization of industrial growth over ecological balance
Option 4: The rejection of international environmental conventions
Correct Answer: The integration of environmental sustainability with development
Solution : India's environmental policies often emphasize the integration of environmental sustainability with development, aiming to achieve growth that is both economically and ecologically sustainable.
Question : Land reforms in India aimed to address the issue of:
Option 1: Urban housing shortages
Option 2: Industrial pollution
Option 3: Inequitable land distribution
Option 4: Foreign trade deficits
Correct Answer: Inequitable land distribution
Solution : Land reforms in India aimed to address the issue of inequitable land distribution by redistributing land to landless and marginalized farmers to promote social justice and agricultural productivity.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India's favourable demographic trends, which have increased the workforce's percentage of the overall population, have paved the way for a significant middle-class expansion. A big population bulge emerging from absolute poverty and set to reach the middle class would generate new dynamics. In India, over 55 per cent of the population is predicted to reach the middle class. In reality, because India's demographics are significantly younger than China and the United States, the country's middle class might be the world's largest (in terms of population) by 2025.
It is no exaggeration to argue that future growth will be reliant on the increasing middle class and that the middle class's development will be reliant on growth. Growth has been fuelled by both private consumption and saving, both of which are fuelled by the middle class. India's private consumption accounts for over 60% of the country's GDP, while private consumption growth has contributed to 70% of the country's growth since 2000.
Despite the fact that China's middle class is now greater than India's, private spending in the former accounts for a lesser share of growth. In contrast to the United States, where domestic savings are dropping and the country borrows excess funds from outside to invest and expand, India's domestic savings and investments are increasing and funding investments. The emergence of the middle class is anticipated to coincide with a transition away from large-scale informality, which now characterises much of the services and industrial sectors, and toward more formal, wage-earning, and medium-scale firms. Technological advancements will spread at a faster rate. Cities will expand as job possibilities concentrate on them. If there is enough movement across states and from rural to urban regions, the population increase will be more evenly distributed.
Question:
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Coincide
Option 1: Differ
Option 2: Agree
Option 3: Confuse
Option 4: Detest
Correct Answer: Differ
Solution : The correct choice is the first option.
Coincide means to occur at the same time or to agree in nature. Differ means to be unlike or distinct, not agreeing. Here, coincide suggests a happening that aligns or occurs simultaneously with another event.
The meanings of the other options are as follows:
- Agree: It means to have the same opinion or be in harmony.
- Confuse: It means to make unclear or indistinct; to mix up.
- Detest: It means to dislike intensely; to hate.
Question : The National Health Accounts (NHA) framework in India aims to:
Option 1: Monitor health expenditure and financial flows in the healthcare sector
Option 2: Provide financial assistance for renewable energy projects
Option 3: Address gender disparities in health services
Option 4: Promote energy conservation in industrial sectors
Correct Answer: Monitor health expenditure and financial flows in the healthcare sector
Solution : The correct answer is (A) Monitor health expenditure and financial flows in the healthcare sector.
The National Health Accounts (NHA) framework in India is a system that tracks and analyzes financial flows related to health expenditure. It provides a comprehensive overview of how funds are allocated and spent in the healthcare sector, including both public and private sources. The NHA framework helps in monitoring health financing, analyzing trends, and assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare spending. It plays a crucial role in informing policy decisions, resource allocation, and monitoring progress towards achieving healthcare goals.
Question : At the time of the Independence of India, the Industrial sector was confined to
Option 1: jute and fertilizers
Option 2: sugar and oil
Option 3: cotton textiles and jute
Option 4: cotton textiles and fertilizers
Correct Answer: cotton textiles and jute
Solution : The correct option is cotton textiles and jute.
At the time of Independence, the cotton textiles and jute industries were prominent in India. These industries played a significant role in the country's economy, providing employment and contributing to the overall industrial landscape. During India's early industrialization, regions like Mumbai in Maharashtra and Kolkata in West Bengal were prominent for cotton textiles and jute industries, respectively. Mumbai emerged as a textile hub, while Kolkata became a major centre for jute processing and manufacturing.
Question : The Index of eight core Indian industries is a production index prepared by CSO and is considered to be the lead indicator of the industrial performance in India. Which of the following industries is not treated as a core industry for calculating this index?
Option 1: Fertilisers
Option 2: Information technology
Option 3: Cement
Option 4: Natural gas
Correct Answer: Information technology
Solution : The correct answer is Information technology.
The index of eight core Indian industries is a production index prepared by CSO and is considered to be the leading indicator of industrial performance in India. The eight core industries are coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, cement, fertilisers, steel and electricity. The information technology industry is not treated as a core industry for calculating this index.
