Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

Solution : The correct answer is (A) Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

The assertion states that when the price of a good decreases, its quantity demanded increases. This is a basic principle of economics and is supported by the law of demand, which states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. When the price of a good decreases, consumers are generally willing and able to buy more of that good, resulting in an increase in the quantity demanded.

 Therefore, the assertion and reason are both correct and related.

Correct Answer: United Kingdom

Solution : The correct option is the United Kingdom.

The idea of the Rule of Law, as it is understood in modern constitutional and political theory, has deep roots in the legal and political traditions of the United Kingdom. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is often considered a foundational document in the development of the Rule of Law, as it established the principle that the king and government are subject to the law.

Correct Answer: Complicated situation.

Solution : The correct choice is the third option.

The idiom a mare's nest typically refers to a situation or discovery that initially appears promising or exciting but ultimately turns out to be illusory, non-existent, or more complicated than originally thought. It signifies a false or misleading discovery that appears significant but is, in reality, meaningless or without substance.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

Solution : The correct answer is (A) Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

The assertion states that when the price of a product decreases, its quantity demanded increases. This is correct. According to the law of demand, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded. When the price of a product decreases, consumers generally find it more affordable, leading to an increase in the quantity demanded.

The reason provided states that the law of demand states an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. This reason is correct and directly supports the assertion. The law of demand is a fundamental principle in economics that states that, all else being equal, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded. When the price decreases, the quantity demanded tends to increase, and vice versa.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct and related. The decrease in price leads to an increase in quantity demanded, as stated by the reason, which aligns with the assertion based on the law of demand.

Correct Answer: mass

Solution : The correct answer is mass.

According to the second law of motion formulated by Isaac Newton, for a given force, acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. This relationship is described by the equation F = ma, where 'F' is the force applied to an object, 'm' is the mass of the object and 'a' is the acceleration produced. As per this equation, when force remains constant, if the mass of an object increases, the acceleration will decrease and vice versa.

Correct Answer: The President of India

Solution : The correct answer is the President of India.

The responsibility for relocating judges from one high court to another within India is vested in the President of India. This authority is executed by the stipulations outlined in Article 222 of the Indian Constitution, which grant the President the ability to reassign a judge from one High Court to another after discussions with the Chief Justice of India and the respective Governor.

Correct Answer: Income remains unchanged 

Solution : Following are the assumptions of the law of demand:
1:Prices of the related goods do not change. 
2:Incomes of the consumers do not change. 
3:The tastes and preferences of the consumers remain constant.
Hence option b is correct.

Correct Answer: toll

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

Explanation: Toll is used to refer to the number of casualties or the overall negative impact of a particular event. In this context, it helps convey that the number of casualties due to the infection rose to 12 with the death of V. Moosa.

Therefore, the complete sentence is: "With this, the death toll due to the virus infection has gone up to 12."

Correct Answer: Obsolete

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

The most suitable one-word substitution for "a word or law no longer in use" is obsolete. This term describes something that is no longer in use or has become outdated. In the context of a word or law, it implies that it is no longer applicable or relevant in the present."

The meanings of the other options are as follows:

• Venerable means worthy of respect or reverence due to age, wisdom, or character.
• Vintage refers to the characteristics of a past era, often associated with high quality.
• Absolute means complete and total.

Therefore, the correct answer is obsolete.

Correct Answer: Article 14

Solution : The correct option is Article 14.

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states: "The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India". This article ensures that every individual is treated equally by the law, and is entitled to equal protection of the law. It is a fundamental right that emphasises the principle of equality, and non-discrimination.