Hello aspirant

The Sangam Literature is a collection of poems, composed by Tamils poets ,both men and women developed in the ancient Southern state of India between  300BC to 300 Ac  ,dealing with emotional and material topics such as  , war, governance, trade and bereavement  . In many ways, the Sangam Literature serves as source of history of kings and culture of the period during which it was created:

Each individual poem belonging to the Sangam Literature contains the information about its authorship and subject matter of the poem, the name of the king or chieftain to whom the poem relates and the poets and poetesses patronized by them.

T he Sangam literature tells about three Kingdoms that existed during that period-the Cholas , the and the Cheras . It mentions about the military and war , system of administration , governance and economic and trade relations that were prevalent during that time

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hello sanher sanu

I hope you are doing good. It will be so wonderful to throw some light on this topic in summarized and easy words. The Northeast Indian borderlands, a cultural crossroads between South, Southeast and East Asia, constitute an important post-colonial exception to the narratives of nation, troubling the common perception of India as an ostensibly liberal regime. This book is the first to consider the representations of the effects of political terror and survival in contemporary literature from Northeast India.

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Dear Student,

Sangam literature, sangam is also spelled cankam, chankam, or shangam, the eariest writings in the Tamil Language, thought to have been produced in three chankams, or literary academies, in Madurai, India, from the 1st to the 4th Century ce. The Tolkappiyam a book of grammer and rhetoric, and eight anthogies (Ettuttokai) of poetry were compiled- Ainkurunuru, Kuruntokai, Narrinai, Akananuru, Kalittokai, Patirruppattu, Paurananuru and Paripatal. A ninth anthology, Pattupattu, consists of 10 idylls that present a picture of early Tamil life.

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Hello aspirant,

Bhakti movement:-

The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-sects were Vaishnavism  (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism . Bhakti movement preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. The movement was inspired by many poet-saints, who championed a wide range of philosophical positions ranging from theistic dualism  of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta .

The movement has traditionally been considered as an influential social reformation in Hinduism, and provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's birth or gender.

Indian literature:-

Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognized languages .

The earliest works of Indian literature were orally transmitted. Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda  a collection of literature dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE. The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata were subsequently codified and appeared towards the end of the 2nd millennium BCE.

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Hello Dear,

Culture profoundly influences how people think, communicate, and behave. It also affects the kinds of transactions they make and the way they negotiate them. These theories and approaches have enabled readers and authors to recreate their own contexts and gradually navigate them into the centre of mainstream literary discourse that generally tends to ignore those voices from the periphery.

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Hello,

Language and Literature History are topics in which you can degree. Language is a mode of expression of thoughts by means of articulate sound. There can be as many literature as there are languages. On the other hand, the history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Both are vast subjects.

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All The Best!!

Dear student,

The list of literature optional for UPSC are:

• Assamese.
• Bengali.
• Bodo.
• Dogri.
• Gujrati.
• Hindi.
• Kannada.
• Kashmiri.
• Konkani.
• Maithili.
• Malayalam.
• Manipuri.
• Marathi.
• Nepali.
• Odia.
• Punjabi.
• Sanskrit.
• Santhali.
• Sindhi.
• Tamil
• Telegu
• Urdu.
• English.

You may have written the examination in English, but if you feel you are better off speaking in Hindi or Tamil or any other regional language that is your native language then you can opt for that.

Thank You.

hey,

see commonly in many universities to seek after lone wolves course in hindi language , it isn't obligatory to consider hindi as a subject in twelfth course. the qualification standards is applicants should finish the twelfth course from perceived training board .

universities which offer four year certification in liberal arts in hindi is as per the following:

Miranda house Delhi

St. Stephens College Delhi

Loyola school Chennai

Hans raj school Delhi

SDNT womans college

ravenshaw college

trust it would help.