Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (d).Statement 1 is incorrect. 

The marketing concept focuses on building customer relationships and creating value. It assumes that customers are more likely to buy products or services from companies that they perceive as offering value and satisfaction.

Statement 2 is correct. The selling concept emphasizes aggressive promotional activities to drive sales. It assumes that customers are not interested in buying products or services unless they are convinced to do so.

Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. Sales promotion techniques do aim to boost customer loyalty, but they also aim to achieve short-term sales increases. While the immediate goal of sales promotions is often to increase sales in the short term, a well-designed sales promotion strategy can also contribute to long-term customer loyalty. For example, promotions can attract new customers who may become loyal in the long run through positive experiences with the brand.

The reason provided is false. Sales promotion techniques are not solely focused on short-term sales increases. While they do often have an immediate impact on sales, they can also be designed and implemented strategically to enhance customer loyalty over the long term.

Correct Answer: Measurable and specific goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Measurable and specific goals

Having measurable and specific goals is crucial for effective planning. Clear objectives provide a basis for making decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating progress. Measurable and specific goals allow the company to track performance and determine whether they are moving in the right direction. This clarity helps in focusing efforts, facilitating communication, and ensuring that everyone in the organization understands what needs to be achieved. 

Correct Answer: Debited profit and loss suspense account by Rs 5,600 and credited S's account

Solution : Answer = Debited profit and loss suspense account by Rs 5600 and credited S's account

Sales (IApril to Dure 30,2017)=1,40,000
Profit= $1,40,000 \times \frac{20}{100}$= 28,000.
Shreys's share= $28000 \times \frac{1}{5}$= 5,600

Protit and cass suspense AlC or 5600
To Shreya's Capital AIC - 5600
Hence, the correct option is 2.

Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are correct.

Statement 1 is correct. The societal marketing concept does indeed integrate social responsibility into business strategies. It emphasizes not only satisfying customer needs but also considering broader societal concerns and ethical considerations in business decisions.

Statement 2 is correct. The selling concept does primarily focus on generating short-term sales and transactions. It often involves aggressive sales tactics to maximize short-term sales rather than building long-term customer relationships.

Therefore, both statements are correct.

Correct Answer: Both statements are correct.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are correct.

Statement 1 is correct. The societal marketing concept does indeed integrate social responsibility into business strategies. It emphasizes not only satisfying customer needs but also considering broader societal concerns and ethical considerations in business decisions.

Statement 2 is correct. The selling concept does primarily focus on generating short-term sales and transactions. It often involves aggressive sales tactics to maximize short-term sales rather than building long-term customer relationships.

Therefore, both statements are correct.

Correct Answer: Military spending

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Military spending

Military spending is an example of an appropriation because it represents a specific allocation of funds for defense and military-related purposes. It includes the budgetary provisions for maintaining armed forces, acquiring weapons and equipment, supporting military operations, and other defense-related activities.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is correct. The marketing concept indeed focuses on delivering superior value to customers. It emphasizes understanding and meeting customer needs and wants by offering products or services that provide value and benefits to the customers.

Statement 2 is false. The selling concept does not solely rely on product features to drive sales. While product features may be a part of the selling approach, the selling concept emphasizes aggressive promotional tactics and sales techniques to maximize short-term sales.

Therefore, statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Correct Answer: Both statements are incorrect.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Both statements are incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The selling concept primarily focuses on short-term sales and transactions rather than building long-term customer loyalty. It often involves aggressive sales tactics to close deals.

Statement 2 is false. The marketing concept does not solely rely on aggressive advertising for sales. The marketing concept involves understanding customer needs, creating valuable products or services, and effectively promoting them, considering a holistic approach to meet both customer satisfaction and business goals.

Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect, and statement 2 is false.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The answer is (b) Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is correct. Sales promotion techniques are designed to boost short-term sales by offering incentives to consumers to purchase a product or service. Common sales promotion techniques include discounts, coupons, buy-one-get-one-free offers, and loyalty programs.

Statement 2 is false. Sales promotion techniques can have a significant impact on consumer behavior and loyalty. For example, a discount on a product can encourage consumers to purchase it sooner rather than later. A loyalty program can reward consumers for repeat purchases, which can lead to increased brand loyalty.