Question : The use of monolithic structures in Vijayanagar architecture is an example of:
Option 1: Influence of Islamic architecture
Option 2: Innovation in construction techniques
Option 3: Adoption of European architectural styles
Option 4: Influence of Buddhist architecture
Correct Answer: Innovation in construction techniques
Solution : Correct Option: 2
Explanation: The use of monolithic structures in Vijayanagar architecture is an example of innovation in construction techniques, as it demonstrates the skill and creativity of the builders in carving and shaping large single pieces of stone.
Answer laterQuestion : Statement 1: A tall organizational structure promotes a narrower span of control.
Statement 2: Tall structures have fewer levels of management.
Option 1: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Option 2: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.
Option 3: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.
Option 4: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
A tall organizational structure is one that has many layers of management. This means that each manager has a relatively small number of subordinates, and there is a long chain of command. This type of structure can lead to less efficient communication and decision-making, as information has to travel through multiple layers of management.
A narrower span of control refers to the number of subordinates that a manager has. A manager with a narrow span of control has responsibility for a small number of subordinates, while a manager with a wide span of control has responsibility for a large number of subordinates.
Tall organizational structures typically have narrower spans of control, as each manager has a relatively small number of subordinates. This is because it can be difficult for managers to effectively supervise a large number of subordinates, especially if they are located in different departments or regions.
Question : Assertion: A tall organizational structure promotes a wide span of control.
Reason: Tall structures have multiple layers of management.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
The assertion is true. A tall organizational structure often leads to a narrower span of control because there are multiple layers of management, meaning each manager oversees a smaller number of subordinates compared to a flat organizational structure where there are fewer layers and a wider span of control.
The reason is false. Tall structures do not promote a wide span of control; they usually result in a narrow span of control due to the multiple hierarchical levels.
Question : Statement 1: A tall organizational structure promotes a narrower span of control.
Statement 2: Tall structures have fewer levels of management.
Option 1: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Option 2: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.
Option 3: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.
Option 4: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
A tall organizational structure is one that has many layers of management. This means that each manager has a relatively small number of subordinates, and there is a long chain of command. This type of structure can lead to less efficient communication and decision-making, as information has to travel through multiple layers of management.
A narrower span of control refers to the number of subordinates that a manager has. A manager with a narrow span of control has responsibility for a small number of subordinates, while a manager with a wide span of control has responsibility for a large number of subordinates.
Tall organizational structures typically have narrower spans of control, as each manager has a relatively small number of subordinates. This is because it can be difficult for managers to effectively supervise a large number of subordinates, especially if they are located in different departments or regions.
Question : Assertion: A tall organizational structure promotes a wide span of control.
Reason: Tall structures have multiple layers of management.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
The assertion is true. A tall organizational structure often leads to a narrower span of control because there are multiple layers of management, meaning each manager oversees a smaller number of subordinates compared to a flat organizational structure where there are fewer layers and a wider span of control.
The reason is false. Tall structures do not promote a wide span of control; they usually result in a narrow span of control due to the multiple hierarchical levels.
Question : Which Indian state was the first to make it mandatory for all homes to have rooftop rainwater harvesting structures?
Option 1: Sikkim
Option 2: Tamil Nadu
Option 3: Odisha
Option 4: Haryana
Correct Answer: Tamil Nadu
Solution : The correct option is Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu is the first and only state to require all homes to have a rainwater harvesting system installed on the roof. Legal provisions exist to penalise those who fail to comply. Jayalalithaa, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, brought up the Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) programme, which was introduced in 2001 to revise water sources and raise groundwater levels in the arid southern state.
Question : Assertion: The nature of management varies based on the organization's size and complexity.
Reason: Larger organizations require more complex management structures and processes.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are incorrect.
Option 3: The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
Option 4: The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Option 5: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.
The assertion that "The nature of management varies based on the organization's size and complexity" is correct. Management practices and approaches often need to be adapted to suit the specific characteristics of an organization, including its size and complexity.
The reason provided, "Larger organizations require more complex management structures and processes," is also correct and effectively explains the assertion. Larger and more complex organizations typically require more intricate and sophisticated management structures and processes to manage their operations effectively.
Question : Statement 1: The management principles used in the public sector can also be applied in the nonprofit sector.
Statement 2: Both sectors have similar organizational structures and goals.
Option 1: Both statements are true
Option 2: Both are incorrect
Option 3: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Option 4: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Statement 1 is true, and Statement 2 is false.
Statement 1 is true because many management principles used in the public sector, such as planning, resource allocation, and performance management, can be adapted and applied in the nonprofit sector. Both sectors share some commonalities in terms of organizational management.
Statement 2 is false because while there may be some similarities between the two sectors, they also have significant differences in terms of their organizational structures and goals. The public sector is typically government-based, focused on providing public services and implementing government policies, while the nonprofit sector consists of various organizations with diverse missions and goals that may or may not align with government functions.
Question : Comprehension:
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Roman Empire covered a vast stretch of territory that included most of Europe as we know it today and a large part of the Fertile Crescent and North Africa.
The Roman Empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages; women had a stronger legal position then than they do in many countries today; but also that much of the economy was run on slave labour, denying freedom to substantial numbers of persons. From the fifth century onwards, the empire fell apart in the west but remained intact and exceptionally prosperous in its eastern half.
Roman historians have a rich collection of sources to go on, which we can broadly divide into three groups: (a) texts, (b) documents and (c) material remains. Textual sources include letters, speeches, sermons, laws, and histories of the period written by contemporaries. These were usually called ‘Annals’ because the narrative was constructed on a year-by-year basis. Documentary sources include mainly inscriptions and papyri. Inscriptions were usually cut on stone, so a large number survived, in both Greek and Latin. The ‘papyrus’ was a reed-like plant that grew along the banks of the Nile in Egypt and was processed to produce sheets of writing material that was very widely used in everyday life. Thousands of contracts, accounts, letters, and official documents survive ‘on papyrus’ and have been published by scholars who are called ‘papyrologists’. Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field surveys), for example, buildings, monuments and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, and even entire landscapes. Each of these sources can only tell us just so much about the past, and combining them can be a fruitful exercise, but how well this is done depends on the historian’s skill!
Question:
Which of these are NOT material remains?
Option 1: Mosaics
Option 2: Coins
Option 3: Monuments
Option 4: Annals
Correct Answer: Annals
Solution : The fourth option is correct.
- Let's have a look at the second-last sentence from the given paragraph:
- "Material remains include a very wide assortment of items that mainly archaeologists discover (for example, through excavation and field survey), for example, buildings, monuments, and other kinds of structures, pottery, coins, mosaics, and even entire landscapes."
- Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that annals were not included in the material remains.
Hence, the correct answer is annals.
Question : Dhamek stupa is one of the most prominent Buddhist structures in India. It is situated in the _____ district of Uttar Pradesh.
Option 1: Jaunpur
Option 2: Agra
Option 3: Varanasi
Option 4: Mirzapur
Correct Answer: Varanasi
Solution : The correct option is Varanasi.
Dhamek Stupa, a significant Buddhist monument, is situated in the Sarnath district of Uttar Pradesh. Located near Varanasi, Sarnath is the place where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, making Dhamek Stupa a revered site for Buddhists and an important pilgrimage destination.
