Albert Einstein: Biography, Education, Discoveries, & Facts
The special and general theories of relativity were developed by the German mathematician and scientist Sir Albert Einstein. He was raised in Munich, where he was born on March 14, 1879. Einstein detested and considered boring and dull education. When his family moved to Milan, Italy, at the age of 15, Einstein seized the chance to leave school. He received the Physics Nobel Prize in 1921 for his understanding of the photoelectric effect. His efforts made a vital contribution to the advancement of atomic energy as well. In his later years, Einstein focused mostly on unified field theory. Due to his never-ending curiosity, Einstein is frequently considered to be the most significant physicist of the 20th century.
JEE Main 2025: Physics Formula | Study Materials | High Scoring Topics | Preparation Guide
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- About Albert Einstein
- Albert Einstein's childhood and schooling
- Albert Einstein's kids and marriages
- Albert Einstein's inventions
- The Remarkable Brain of Albert Einstein
- Einstein's Adoration of Music
- Death of Albert Einstein
Candidates can have a look at the JEE Main 2025 physics syllabus below.
JEE Main 2025 physics topics | Number of questions | Marks |
Modern Physics | 5 | 20 |
Heat and Thermodynamics | 3 | 12 |
Optics | 3 | 12 |
Current Electricity | 3 | 12 |
Electrostatics | 3 | 12 |
Magnetics | 2 | 8 |
Unit, Dimension and Vector | 1 | 4 |
Kinematics | 1 | 4 |
Laws of Motion | 1 | 4 |
Work, Power and Energy | 1 | 4 |
Centre of Mass, Impulse, and Momentum | 1 | 4 |
Rotation | 1 | 4 |
Gravitation | 1 | 4 |
Simple Harmonic Motion | 1 | 4 |
Solids and Fluids | 1 | 4 |
Waves | 1 | 4 |
Electromagnetics Induction; AC | 1 | 4 |
About Albert Einstein
Einstein was born in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. The family moved to Munich after six weeks, and he immediately began going to the Luitpold Gymnasium there. After they relocated to Italy, Albert went back to school in Aarau, Switzerland. In 1896, he then enrolled in Zurich's Swiss Federal Polytechnic School to pursue a degree in mathematics and physics instruction. In 1901, the year he got his diploma and became a citizen of Switzerland, he decided to work as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office after being unable to get employment as a teacher. In 1905, he earned his doctorate. He received worldwide recognition as a result of the release of four articles in the same year, including one on Brownian motion, The photoelectric effect demonstrated that light is a particle, which he interpreted in terms of molecular kinetic energy. He also published two papers on his special theory of relativity, the latter of which featured his formulation of the equivalence of mass and energy (E = mc2).
Albert Einstein's childhood and schooling
Albert Einstein belongs to a Ashkenazi Jews family. Albert Einstein has been attracted to science since he was a little boy. He frequently reflects on certain incidents from his early years that had a big impact on his fascination with science. He first encountered a compass when he was 5 years old, and was captivated by its revolving needle. He got interested in geometry from the age of 12. These served as the building blocks for his fascination with the topic. Even his favourite book, the "holy little geometry book," bears his name.
Albert Einstein's professor, Max Talmey, was one of the most significant influencers when he was a young boy. He introduced him to advanced mathematics and philosophy.
From an early age, Albert Einstein excelled in math and physics, which led him to think that any concept in nature may be understood as a "mathematical structure." After a while of learning these ideas on his own, Einstein declared, "I have learnt all the math they taught at school and a little more." For Albert, it was more important to comprehend the ideas and logic underlying the various events than it was to know when those phenomena occurred.
Albert Einstein's kids and marriages
Albert Einstein married Mileva Mari on January 6, 1903. In 1902, the couple had an unmarried child named Lieserl. Hans Albert was born two years later, and Eduard was born in 1910. Up to his and Mileva's divorce in 1914, the father and the boys had a close relationship. Hans Albert reflected on his interactions with Einstein and said, "I think the only thing he ever gave up on was myself." Eduard spent a large portion of his life battling health issues. Until her death in 1948, he shared a home in Zurich with his mother.
Nearly as much as he loved science, Einstein adored the company of women. The fact that his first wife, Mileva Mari, studied physics with him at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology may not have been a coincidence.
Despite his intense love for Mileva, Albert continued to pursue other women while they were apart. Einstein, who was still advancing academically, travelled frequently for work and in 1912, while on a brief business trip to Berlin, he encountered his cousin Elsa Löwenthal. Elsa had been Albert's girlfriend for almost five years by the time he and Mileva got divorced in 1919, and she quickly became his second wife.
Albert Einstein's inventions
Some of Albert Einstein's well-known creations and discoveries are listed below:
Gravitational-wave
Cosmological stability
Paradox of EPR
Global field theory
Standard Relativity
Particular relativity
Effect of Photoelectric
Brownian movement theory
Ensemble performance
Effect of Einstein-de Haas
Brücke Einstein-Rosen
Law of Stark-Einstein
Equivalence of mass and energy, E = mc2
E = hf in the Planck-Einstein relation
The Remarkable Brain of Albert Einstein
The authors of Harvey's 1985 study noted that compared to other brains they looked at, Einstein's brain included more glial cells, which nourish and protect the nervous system, per neuron (nerve cell). They came to the conclusion that it might mean the neurons had a larger metabolic requirement; in other words, Einstein's brain cells required and consumed more energy, which may have been the reason he had such highly developed conceptual and reasoning capacities.
Einstein's brain weighed 1,230 grams, which is less than the typical adult male brain, according to a different study that was written up in the 1996 edition of the journal Neuroscience Letters (opens in new tab) (about 1,400 g). The scientist's neocortex was also narrower than the cerebral cortexes of five control brains, but it had a higher density of neurons.
Einstein's Adoration of Music
Music was a passion for Einstein from a young age. The mother of Albert Einstein, who could play the piano fairly well, encouraged her son to take violin lessons in order to help him adapt into German culture and to develop a love of music in him.
He was introduced to Mozart's violin sonatas when he was 13 years old, which made him fall in love with Mozart's works and encouraged his study of music. Without "ever practising consistently," Einstein learned himself to play. "Love is a better teacher than a sense of responsibility," he declared. He was observed by a school examiner in Aarau at the age of 17 while performing Mozart's violin sonatas. His playing was "amazing and suggestive of profound intelligence," the tester said later. According to Botstein, the examiner was struck by Einstein "showed a genuine love for the music, which then and is still in rare supply. This pupil had a peculiar connection to music."
From that point on, music played a significant and lasting influence in Einstein's life. Even though he never considered becoming a professional musician, Kurt Appelbaum was one of the pros with whom Einstein played chamber music. He also performed for friends and private audiences.
Death of Albert Einstein
Einstein was ill by 1949. He was able to recuperate thanks to a hospital stay, but in 1950, he started making plans for his demise by writing his will. Einstein donated his scientific writings to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, which he had supported financially during his first trip to the United States. Einstein served as the university's governor from 1925 to 1928, but he turned down an offer to return in 1933 because he was so critical of the leadership at that time.
Albert Einstein would experience one more significant event in his life. The Israeli government decided to grant Einstein the position of second president in 1952, following the passing of Israel's first president. Although he declined, he felt embarrassed by the situation because it was difficult for him to say no without offending anyone.
Einstein signed his final letter one week before he passed away. It was a letter from Bertrand Russell approving the use of his name on a declaration calling for the elimination of nuclear weapons by all countries. It seems appropriate that one of his final deeds was to promote world peace as he had done his entire life.On April 18, 1955, at 4 p.m., Einstein was cremated in Trenton, New Jersey (the day of his death). His remains were dispersed in an undisclosed location.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The theory of relativity, which Albert Einstein developed and is rightfully famous for, transformed our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the cosmos.
In reality, Einstein's brain has special characteristics that could account for how he was so intelligent. His brain showed several areas that were thicker than usual, which would indicate that his connections between the two hemispheres were more robust. He co-wrote a top-secret report on what to do if mankind came into contact with aliens with J. in 1947.
New approaches to understanding time, space, matter, energy, and gravity have been made possible by Albert Einstein's ideas of relativity. His research paved the way for significant developments in fields including atomic energy management, space exploration, and light-related technologies.
The estimated IQ of Albert Einstein is 160, despite the fact that he most probably did not take an IQ test.
Maja was the name of Albert Einstein's sister.
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