Magnet - Definition, Types, Properties, Applications, FAQs
Have you ever used a fridge magnet to attach a note or picture at your home? This small object is an example of a Magnet. A magnet is an object that has a ability to attract certain types of metals for example iron, nickel, and cobalt. It generates a magnetic force which appears in the form of a magnetic field around the generator. It is used in different simple items such as speakers and electric motors. Now let's look at the concept of magnet in detail.
JEE Main 2025: Physics Formula | Study Materials | High Scoring Topics | Preparation Guide
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- What is Magnet?
- Types of Magnet
- Temporary Magnet
- Properties of magnet
- Applications of Magnet
Candidates can have a look at the JEE Main 2025 physics syllabus below.
JEE Main 2025 physics topics | Number of questions | Marks |
Modern Physics | 5 | 20 |
Heat and Thermodynamics | 3 | 12 |
Optics | 3 | 12 |
Current Electricity | 3 | 12 |
Electrostatics | 3 | 12 |
Magnetics | 2 | 8 |
Unit, Dimension and Vector | 1 | 4 |
Kinematics | 1 | 4 |
Laws of Motion | 1 | 4 |
Work, Power and Energy | 1 | 4 |
Centre of Mass, Impulse, and Momentum | 1 | 4 |
Rotation | 1 | 4 |
Gravitation | 1 | 4 |
Simple Harmonic Motion | 1 | 4 |
Solids and Fluids | 1 | 4 |
Waves | 1 | 4 |
Electromagnetics Induction; AC | 1 | 4 |
What is Magnet?
A force that attracts or repels other ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, and others is called as a Magnet.
In other words, a magnet is any material that can attract iron and produce a magnetic field outside of itself.
When the magnet is withdrawn, the magnetism fades. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are the only three elements with ferromagnetic characteristics.
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Types of Magnet
The following are the three different types of magnets:
- Permanent magnet
- Temporary magnet
- Electromagnets
Permanent magnet
The most commonly used magnets are permanent magnets. They're termed permanent magnets because they don't lose their magnetic properties once they've been magnetized.
Examples of Permanent magnets are Compass Needles, Loudspeakers and Earphones, and Electric Generators and Motors.
Permanent magnets are further divided into four categories:
- Ceramic or ferrite
- Alnico
- Samarium Cobalt (SmCo)
- Neodymium Iron Boron (NIB)
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Temporary Magnet
In the presence of a magnetic field, temporary magnets can be magnetized. These materials lose their magnetic properties of magnet when the magnetic field is removed.
Examples of temporary magnets include things like iron nails and paper clips.
Electromagnet
Electromagnets are formed out of a coil of wire that is coiled around a metal core made of iron. When this material is exposed to an electric current, it generates a magnetic field, which causes it to behave like a magnet. Controlling the electric current can change the strength of the magnetic field.
Examples of electromagnets are Electric bells, Speakers and Headphones, Relays and Switches, MRI Machines, and Magnetic cranes.
Properties of magnet
We already know that magnets are constructed of magnetic material. Magnets have a number of unique characteristics. They are as follows:
- Magnets are attracted to ferromagnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, and nickel.
- Magnetic poles with similar magnetic poles repel one other, while magnetic poles with opposite magnetic poles attract each other.
- Magnet aligns itself along the north-south direction when it is suspended freely.
- When the distance between the two magnets is smaller, the magnetic force between them is larger.
- Every magnet has two poles: North and South. It cannot be separated.
- A magnet creates an invisible field around it, called the magnetic field, where its force can be observed.
- Magnetic force is strongest at the poles and weakest at the center of the magnet.
Applications of Magnet
Magnets can be used in various fields in daily life, medical purposes, and scientific research as well. Some of the common applications of magnets are given below:
- Refrigerator magnets
- Speakers and Microphones
- MRI Machines
- Magnetic Separators
- Magnetic Locks
- Magnetometers
- Magnetic Toys
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
We'll use another bar magnet with known poles to figure out the poles. One of the poles of the provided magnet will be brought close to the magnet's north pole. The south pole is attracted if it attracts. It will be the North Pole if it repels.
Suggestions for two techniques to identify the magnet are welcome.Both are dangling in mid-air. Bring a magnet next to both metal bars and test with both poles to see if they line in the north-south direction. A magnet is someone who repels others.
Permanent magnets are now made of special alloys developed through research in order to generate ever-better magnets. The most common families of permanent magnet materials used today include aluminum-nickel-cobalt (alnicos), strontium-iron (ferrites, also known as ceramics), neodymium-iron-boron (a.k.a. neodymium magnets, or "super magnets"), and samarium-cobalt. (The samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron families are examples of rare-earth elements.)
Even in a weak field, soft iron and certain iron alloys, such as permalloy (an iron-nickel alloy), can be magnetised relatively quickly. The magnetism, on the other hand, is lost as soon as the field is withdrawn. Temporary magnets, such as those used in telephones and electric motors, are made from these materials.
When extremely powerful magnets are required, electromagnets are used. Electromagnets are made by enclosing a metal core (typically an iron alloy) within a coil of wire carrying an electric current. A magnetic field is created by the electricity in the coil. The electromagnet's strength is determined by the electric current's strength and the number of wire coils. Its polarity is determined by the current flow direction. The core acts as a magnet while the current is flowing, but when the current stops, the magnetic qualities are lost. Electromagnets are used in electric motors, televisions, maglev trains, telephones, computers, and many other modern gadgets.
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Questions related to
Correct Answer: André-Marie Ampère
Solution : The correct answer is André-Marie Ampère.
André-Marie Ampère, a French scientist, proposed that a magnet should exert an equal and opposite force on a current-carrying conductor. A wire carrying current has its magnetic field. A current-carrying wire like a regular bar magnet, attracts a magnetic substance. There is no magnetic effect when the current is removed or the switch is closed. This is known as the magnetic effect of current.
Correct Answer: Joseph Henry
Solution : The correct option is Joseph Henry.
The Albany magnet was created by Joseph Henry, an American scientist, in 1830. Joseph Henry's electromagnet was one of the most powerful of its time, capable of lifting a maximum of 750 pounds of metal, representing a significant milestone in the development of electromagnet technology.
Henry's work on electromagnets and electromagnetic phenomena contributed to the foundation of modern electrical engineering and played a crucial role in the development of telegraphy and various other electrical applications.
Correct Answer: #
Solution : Given:
(I) Toys are hard⇒# % @
(II) Games magnet is toys⇒fr lm ag #
By comparing the sentences, (I) and (II) the common word and code are toys and #.
So, Toys is coded as #. Hence, the second option is correct.