Question : A number is increased by 30% and then the increased number is decreased by 30%. The net increase or decrease is:
Option 1: 12% increase
Option 2: 9% decrease
Option 3: 15% decrease
Option 4: 30% increase
Correct Answer: 9% decrease
Solution :
Let the number be 100.
⇒ Number after 30% increase = 100 + 30% of 100 = 130
⇒ Number after 30% decrease = 130 – 30% of 130 = 91
So, overall change in the number = 100 – 91 = 9
$\therefore$ Decrease percentage = $\frac{9}{100}$ × 100 = 9%
Hence, the correct answer is a 9% decrease.
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