Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems in which they exist. Biodiversity plays a critical role in supporting sustainable development for several reasons:

Biodiversity provides essential ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. These services include the provision of food, clean water, air purification, climate regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility. These services are vital for sustaining human life and economic activities.

Biodiversity forms the basis of many economic sectors, including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and tourism. These sectors rely on healthy ecosystems and diverse species to provide resources and economic opportunities. Biodiversity loss can have significant negative impacts on these sectors and local communities' livelihoods.

Biodiversity enhances the resilience of ecosystems and communities to environmental changes and shocks. Diverse ecosystems are more resilient to disturbances such as climate change, disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. Protecting and restoring biodiversity can help communities adapt to environmental challenges and maintain their well-being.

Biodiversity is an integral part of cultural heritage and provides aesthetic and recreational benefits. Many cultures have strong connections to their local biodiversity and traditional knowledge systems associated with nature. Biodiversity also enhances the beauty and enjoyment of natural spaces, contributing to people's quality of life.

Therefore, the reason provided correctly explains why biodiversity conservation is crucial for sustainable development. Biodiversity's contribution to ecosystem services and human well-being highlights the importance of protecting and conserving biodiversity to achieve sustainable development goals.