Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

This assertion is true. Controlling is a fundamental function of management, and it is indeed essential for achieving organizational objectives. Controlling ensures that the organization's activities are on track, and it helps in achieving the planned goals by monitoring and regulating performance.

This reason is also true and correctly explains the assertion. Controlling is closely tied to the efficient use of resources. It involves monitoring resource utilization, identifying deviations from the planned course of action, and taking corrective measures to ensure that resources are effectively and efficiently utilized to achieve organizational objectives.