Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Energy conservation plays a crucial role in sustainable development. By reducing energy consumption, we can decrease the demand for fossil fuels, which are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Energy conservation helps mitigate climate change and its adverse impacts, contributing to the long-term sustainability of the planet and the well-being of current and future generations.

The reason provided correctly explains how energy conservation is achieved. Energy conservation involves adopting practices and technologies that maximize energy efficiency, minimize energy waste, and optimize energy use across various sectors. By using energy efficiently, we can achieve the same desired outcomes while consuming fewer resources and reducing environmental impacts.

Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion.