Question : Assertion: Informal organizations can lead to a lack of accountability.

Reason: Informal communication channels are more effective than formal channels.

Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true

Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Informal organizations are social groups that exist within formal organizations. They are not defined by the organization's structure or hierarchy, but by the relationships between employees. Informal organizations can be beneficial to both employees and organizations, but they can also lead to a lack of accountability. Informal organizations can lead to a lack of accountability because they are often based on trust and loyalty. Employees in informal organizations may be more likely to cover up for each other's mistakes or to avoid holding each other accountable. Additionally, informal organizations may have their own norms and rules that may conflict with the organization's formal policies.

The reason given in the assertion, "informal communication channels are more effective than formal channels," is false. In fact, formal communication channels are often more effective for communicating important information and decisions. Informal communication channels can be useful for building relationships and sharing information, but they can also be unreliable and inaccurate.