Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that investment in human capital leads to reduced poverty rates. Human capital development refers to the improvement of individuals' skills, knowledge, and capabilities through education, training, and other forms of learning. The reason provided is that human capital development creates opportunities for individuals to escape poverty through better employment prospects. This is true because individuals with enhanced human capital are more likely to secure higher-paying jobs, have increased earning potential, and possess the skills and qualifications needed for economic advancement. As a result, they are better positioned to lift themselves out of poverty and improve their living standards. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.