Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. When individuals and communities do not have adequate access to healthcare services, it can have detrimental effects on their health and overall well-being. Poor health outcomes can lead to increased medical expenses, reduced productivity, and a cycle of poverty as families struggle to cope with healthcare costs and the economic burden of illness.

The reason provided, stating that medical expenses can push individuals and families into poverty due to high out-of-pocket costs, is the correct explanation of the assertion. In many countries, including India, healthcare expenses are often a significant financial burden for individuals and families. High out-of-pocket costs for medical treatments, medications, hospitalization, and other healthcare services can deplete savings, force individuals to borrow money or sell assets, and push them into poverty.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Lack of access to healthcare facilities can indeed contribute to poverty, primarily due to the financial strain caused by high medical expenses.