Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.

The assertion is correct because lower-level management typically has limited decision-making authority compared to top management. They are responsible for implementing the decisions made by top management and often operate within specific guidelines or policies set by the higher levels of management.

The reason is correct because it provides an explanation for why lower-level management has limited decision-making authority. Their primary role is to execute the decisions made by higher-level management and to ensure that the organization's operations align with the broader strategic direction set by top management. Therefore, the reason offers a logical explanation for the assertion.